Main Propulsion Plant DD445 and 692 Classes and Converted Types, Operation Manual Folks, Main Propulsion Plant DD445 and 692 Classes and Converted Types, Operation Manual, Revision 1, Jan 1946 was created just after WW II. It describes the peak of WW II US destroyer propulsion technology. In this online version of the manual we have attempted to keep the flavor of the original layout while taking advantage of the Web's universal accessibility. Different browsers and fonts will cause the text to move, but the text will remain roughly where it is in the original manual. In addition to errors we have attempted to preserve from the original this text was captured by optical character recognition. This process creates errors that are compounded while encoding for the Web. Please report any typos, or particularly annoying layout issues to [email protected] for correction. Richard Pekelney Webmaster Search HNSA.ORG MAIN PROPULSION PLANT DD445 and 692 CLASSES AND CONVERTED TYPES U. S. NAVY BUREAU OF SHIPS REVISION 1 Jan. 1946 RESTRICTED NAVY DEPARTMENT http://www.hnsa.org/doc/destroyer/steam/index.htm (1 of 5)7/19/2006 15:43:08 Main Propulsion Plant DD445 and 692 Classes and Converted Types, Operation Manual BUREAU OF SHIPS Washington, D. C. This Manual is published by authority of the Chief of the Bureau of Ships, and is approved and issued to the service for guidance in the training of the personnel concerned. E. L. COCHRANE, Vice Admiral, U.S. N., Chief, Bureau of Ships. III ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Acknowledgments are due to the several individuals and activities instrumental in the preparation of this Manual. The basic text was prepared under the supervision of the Assistant Supervisor of Shipbuilding, Staten Island, Lt. Comdr. L. L. Habryl, USNR.; primarily by Mr. S. M. Arwine. with the advice and assistance of Lieut. R. S. Laing, USNR, and Lieut. E. A. O'Mara. USNR; and with the specific approval of the Supervisor of Shipbuilding, New York, Rear Admiral J. M. Irish. USN. Text and illustrations have been checked and revised by the Destroyer Ship Desk and cognizant Technical Sections of the Bureau of Ships. The first reprinting, January 1946, includes minor revisions in view of major authorized alterations to date, together with desirable additions in text and certain illustrations. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Section I. INTRODUCTION 1 Section II. ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINERY: 1. General Discussion 3 2. List of Machinery 3 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/destroyer/steam/index.htm (2 of 5)7/19/2006 15:43:08 Main Propulsion Plant DD445 and 692 Classes and Converted Types, Operation Manual Section III. STEAM CYCLE OF THE PRESSURE CLOSED FEED SYSTEM: 1. General Discussion 13 2. Types of Closed Feed Systems 13 3. Operation of the Pressure Closed Feed System 13 Section IV. CONDENSATE SYSTEM: 1. General Discussion 15 2. Main Condenser 16 3. Main Condensate Pump 17 4. Main Air Ejector 20 5. Loop Seal 22 6. Deaerating Feed Tank 24 7. Condensate System Piping 28 Section V. FEED WATER SYSTEM: 1. General Discussion 35 2. Main Feed Booster Pump 35 3. Main Feed Pump 37 4. Constant Pressure Pump Governor 40 5. Feed Booster System Piping 43 6. Main Feed Piping 44 7. Emergency Feed Piping 45 8. Feed Water Level Regulator 48 Section VI. BOILERS: 1. General Description 53 2. Economizers 53 3. Generating Side (B & W Design) 54 4. Superheater 54 5. Boiler Operation 60 6. Internal Fittings 64 7. Safety Valves 66 8. Superheater Protection Devices 69 9. Fuel Oil Burners 70 10. Soot Blowers 73 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/destroyer/steam/index.htm (3 of 5)7/19/2006 15:43:08 Main Propulsion Plant DD445 and 692 Classes and Converted Types, Operation Manual 11. Boiler Blow Piping 76 12. Forced Draft Blowers 76 Section VII. EXPANSION SYSTEM: 1. General Discussion 78 2. Main Steam System 78 3. Main Propulsion Turbines 78 4. Gland Sealing Steam System 84 5. Main Reduction Gears 86 6. Lubricating Oil Systems 90 V Section VIII. MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS: Page 1. Auxiliary Steam System 101 2. Fuel Oil Systems 104 3. Auxiliary Exhaust System 120 4. Drain Systems 125 Section IX. AUXILIARY PLANT: 1. General Discussion 130 2. Ship's Service Turbo-generator, DD445 Class 130 3. Ship's Service Turbo-generator, DD692 Class 134 Section X. AUXILIARY MACHINERY: 1. Distilling Plant 137 2. Refrigerating Plant 139 3. Steering Engine 141 4. Emergency Diesel Generator 142 Section XI. OPERATING PROCEDURE: 1. Split Plant Line-up 144 2. Lighting-off Boiler 3. Warming-Up Plant 145 4. Notes on Securing 146 Section XII. ELECTRICAL PLANT: http://www.hnsa.org/doc/destroyer/steam/index.htm (4 of 5)7/19/2006 15:43:08 Main Propulsion Plant DD445 and 692 Classes and Converted Types, Operation Manual 1. Generating Plant, DD445 Class 149 2. Generating Plant, DD692 Class 151 3. Operation 153 Section XIII. COURSE OF ENGINEERING INSTRUCTION 159 VI Next section Copyright (C) 2005 Historic Naval Ships Association All Rights Reserved Legal Notices and Privacy Policy Version 1.04, 27 June 05 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/destroyer/steam/index.htm (5 of 5)7/19/2006 15:43:08 Main Propulsion Plant DD445 and 692 Classes and Converted Types, Operation Manual - Section I Section I INTRODUCTION As the speed of construction of destroyers 1. The steam cycle is composed of a series increased, the percentage of experienced of systems. engineering personnel available for assignment to these newly constructed destroyers became 2. These systems may be either an integral smaller and smaller, and the time available for part of the main cycle or furnish a service these personnel to familiarize themselves with to some system of the main cycle. their particular installations became less and less. Because of these facts it was decided that the 3. These systems are composed of Office of the Supervisor of Shipbuilding, U. S. N., elements, the proper operation of which Staten Island, must establish a training course to will insure proper operation of the system. enable the prospective engineering crews to more quickly learn the operation of their engineering 4. Proper operation of the elements plants. In the early stages, the Instructor of this composing this system depends upon course made notes and sketches to aid in the proper operation of the systems furnishing instruction. As these notes increased it became service. apparent that they could be collated and placed in coherent form, to form an instruction book which 5. Proper operation of all systems in the could be used by engineer officers afloat for steam cycle will insure proper operation of instruction of new members of their crew. This the machinery plant as a whole. manual is a compilation and outgrowth of these notes. Its purpose is to present to engineering personnel of all ratings the complete cycle of Using the steam cycle as a base, each system has operation of the closed feed system in a manner been broken down into its elements and after which can be easily understood by all, from discussion of each element in chronological order firemen to engineer officers. In order to make this they are all connected together by a discussion of possible a great amount of the detail and highly the piping system. To tie the steam cycle together. technical explanation presented in the regular the systems are presented in their chronological machinery instruction books have been order, with the systems furnishing service presented eliminated, and special operating notes have been in connection with the proper part of the steam incorporated. The object has been to present the cycle. Most of the information presented in this operating action within the machinery rather than manual is available in the manufacturers' instruction the details of construction of the machinery. The books, in the Bureau of Ships Manual or in the premise upon which the construction of this book Gibbs and Cox Appendices (1) (Notes on is based is that the prospective ship's force does Operation), (2) (Operation for Maximum Economy) not have a comprehensive picture of the operation and Principal Engineering Piping Systems and of the plant as a whole and does not fully Related Equipment for these classes of destroyers. understand the interdependence of each part of the However, it is here presented in chronological form http://www.hnsa.org/doc/destroyer/steam/sec01.htm (1 of 2)7/19/2006 15:43:09 Main Propulsion Plant DD445 and 692 Classes and Converted Types, Operation Manual - Section I plant upon each other part. To present this and in such a manner that it can be more easily comprehensive picture, it is necessary to present understood and oriented by the student. Little the plant from the point of view of the complete attention has been paid to the auxiliaries not directly steam cycle of the closed feed system. To connected to the main propulsion plant. These establish this method the following basic facts auxiliaries are relatively few and are operated only must first be recognized: by a few men on board ship. Because so few men are involved, detailed instruction in the operation of these auxiliary units can easily be accomplished from the manufacturers' instruction books. This text has been written specifically for the DD445 and DD692 class destroyers of the U. S. Navy and applies in detail 1 to all destroyers and converted types of those basic training in marine engineering operation and, classes. While it does apply, in general, to all therefore, must be at least partially grounded in ships whose engineering plants follow the engineering fundamentals. A thorough and complete pressure closed feed system, it is not intended to knowledge of this text should enable any student, be a description of any plant except those above who has a previous engineering background, to designated. This book has been written with the successfully operate any ship employing the original assumption that students will have had pressure closed feed system. some 2 DD Steam Home Next section Page Copyright (C) 2005 Historic Naval Ships Association All Rights Reserved Legal Notices and Privacy Policy Version 1.03, 17 May 05 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/destroyer/steam/sec01.htm (2 of 2)7/19/2006 15:43:09 Main Propulsion Plant DD445 and 692 Classes and Converted Types, Operation Manual - Section II Section II ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINERY 1. GENERAL DISCUSSION the main propulsion plant or the generating plants, are located throughout the engineering spaces wherever space is available. Machinery in the engineering plants of The following sketches show the relative location of the units of the DD445 and DD692 Class machinery in the engineering spaces. In order to properly show- destroyers is so arranged that the this arrangement, it has been necessary to break each plant down forward fireroom and the forward into upper and lower levels. It will be noted that there are engineroom can be operated together considerable differences between the arrangements of the as a completely independent DD445 Class and the DD692 Class. This by no means indicates engineering plant, as can the after any difference in the operating principles of these two plants. A fireroom and after engineroom. This comparison between the two will show that the machinery means, then, that all machinery necessary to the operation of the main plant of both classes is necessary to the operation of the main exactly the same. propulsion plant must be duplicated in each engineroom and fireroom, and that means must be provided to positively separate the systems in the two plants. The same thing can be said of the machinery necessary to the operation of the ship's service generators. Various auxiliary units, not directly related to the operation of 2. LIST OF MACHINERY Grouping together one engineroom and its corresponding fireroom as a "plant" the following machinery appears in each plant of both the DD445 Class and the DD692 Class destroyers: EACH FIREROOM Boilers 2 enclosed draft, superheat control by separately fired superheater. Blowers 4 horizontal, turbine driven, propeller type. Fire and bilge pump 1 vertical simplex, double-acting reciprocating. Emergency feed pump I vertical simplex, double-acting reciprocating. Fuel oil transfer and booster 1 vertical rotary gear, turbine driven. pump Port and cruising fuel oil 1 vertical variable stroke, motor driven. (These pumps are not installed service pump. in all ships but the foundations and fittings are installed to provide for future installation of the pumps.) http://www.hnsa.org/doc/destroyer/steam/sec02.htm (1 of 14)7/19/2006 15:43:12 Main Propulsion Plant DD445 and 692 Classes and Converted Types, Operation Manual - Section II Fuel oil service pumps 2 vertical rotary gear, turbine-driven. Fuel oil hand pump 1 horizontal gear, hand-driven. EACH ENGINEROOM Cruising turbine 1 pressure-velocity compounded, impulse. High pressure turbine 1 pressure-velocity compounded, impulse. Low pressure and astern 1 double-flow, pressure-compounded, astern turbines. The low pressure turbines. turbine is double flow in all installations, but in some is pressure compounded, impulse, and in others is reaction. Main condenser 1 single pass. Main reduction gear 1 double reduction, double helical, locked train type gear. Main air ejector 1 two-stage, condensing. Deaerating feed tank 1 in DD445 class either the Cochrane or Elliott types. In DD692 class all are the Elliott type. Main circulating pump 1 propeller type, turbine-driven. Ship's service generator 1 in DD445 class, 290 kw., geared turbine-driven, and in DD692 class, 450 kw. geared turbine-driven, 670586-46-2 3 Auxiliary air ejector 1 two-stage, condensing. Lubricating oil purifier 1 Lubricating oil cooler 1 single-pass, reverse flow. Lubricating oil service pumps 2 vertical rotary gear. (Some ships of DD445 class have two turbine- driven pumps and some have one turbine-driven and one motor-driven pump. All ships of the DD692 class have two turbine-driven pumps.) Main feed pumps 2 horizontal, turbine-driven, multistage, centrifugal. Main feed booster pumps 2 vertical, single-stage, centrifugal. (DD445 class has one turbine-driven and one motor-driven, and the DD692 class has both turbine-driven) Main condensate pumps 2 vertical two-stage, centrifugal. (DD445 class has one turbine-driven and one motor-driven, and DD692 class has both turbine-driven.) Fire and bilge pump 1 vertical, simplex, double-acting, reciprocating. Fire-and-flushing pump 1 horizontal, centrifugal, motor-driven. Auxiliary condenser 1 two pass. Auxiliary condensate pump 1 vertical, centrifugal, two-stage, motor-driven. Auxiliary feed booster pump 1 vertical, centrifugal, single-stage, motor-driven. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/destroyer/steam/sec02.htm (2 of 14)7/19/2006 15:43:12 Main Propulsion Plant DD445 and 692 Classes and Converted Types, Operation Manual - Section II Auxiliary circulating pump 1 horizontal, centrifugal, motor-driven. Below is listed the additional auxiliary machinery for the DD445 class, with the space in which it is located indicated: High-pressure air compressor 1 No. 2 fireroom-four-stage, reciprocating, driven by a geared turbine. Distilling plant 1 No. 1 engine room-Griscom Russell Soloshell-2 effect rated capacity, 12,000 gallons per day. All pumps auxiliary to this unit are horizontal, centrifugal, motor driven. Fresh water pumps 2 No. 1 engineroom-horizontal, centrifugal, motor driven. Low-pressure air compressor 1 No. 2 engineroom-two-stage V-type, motor-driven. Diesel fuel oil purifier 1 No. 2 engineroom. Diesel oil supply and transfer 1 No. 2 engineroom-horizontal, rotary gear, motor-driven. pump Below is listed the additional auxiliary machinery for the DD692 class, with the space in which it is located indicated: High pressure air compressor 1 No. 2 fireroom-four-stage, reciprocating, geared turbine-driven. Distilling plant 1 No. 1 engineroom-Griscom Russell Soloshell, double effect-rated capacity 12,000 gal. per day. All pumps auxiliary to this unit are horizontal centrifugal, motor-driven. Distilling plant 1 No. 2 engineroom-same as above except that capacity is 4,000 gal. per day. Low-pressure air compressor 1 No. 2 engineroom-two stage, V-type, motor-driven. Fresh-water pumps 2 one in each engineroom-horizontal, centrifugal, motor-driven. Shaft driven lubricating oil 1 vertical rotary gear chain drive from the main shaft in No. 1 service pumps engineroom; 1 horizontal rotary gear chain drive from the main shaft in No. 2 engineroom. It will be noted that the Diesel fuel oil pump and purifier do not appear on this list for the DD692 class. This is because they have here been removed from the engineroom and placed in the gland compartment (C-3E). In the DD445 class only one Diesel generator is installed, and that in the Diesel generator room forward. In the DD692 class two Diesel generators are installed, each in its own space one forward and one aft. 4 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/destroyer/steam/sec02.htm (3 of 14)7/19/2006 15:43:12