Desk Encyclopedia of ANIMAL AND BACTERIAL VIROLOGY Thispageintentionallyleftblank Desk Encyclopedia of ANIMAL AND BACTERIAL VIROLOGY EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Dr BRIAN W J MAHY and Dr MARC H V VAN REGENMORTEL AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier LinacreHouse,JordanHill,Oxford,OX28DP,UK 525BStreet,Suite1900,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,USA Copyrightã2010ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved ThefollowingarticlesareUSgovernmentworksinthepublicdomainandarenotsubjecttocopyright: BovineViralDiarrheaVirus,FishRhabdoviruses,TranscriptionalRegulationinBacteriophage. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorby anymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwisewithoutthepriorwritten permissionofthepublisher PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRightsDepartmentinOxford, UK:phone(+44)(0)1865843830;fax(+44)(0)1865853333;email:[email protected] youcansubmityourrequestonlinebyvisitingtheElsevierwebsiteat(http://elsevier.com/locate/permission), andselectingObtainingpermissiontouseElsevier material Notice Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasa matterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products, instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein.Becauseofrapidadvancesinthemedicalsciences, inparticular,independentverificationofdiagnosesanddrugdosagesshouldbemade BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-12-375144-7 ForinformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteatbooks.elsevier.com PRINTEDANDBOUNDINSPAIN 08 09 10 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 EDITORS-IN-CHIEF BrianWJMahyMAPhDScDDSc SeniorScientificAdvisor, DivisionofEmergingInfectionsandSurveillanceServices, CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention, AtlantaGA,USA MarcHVvanRegenmortelPhD EmeritusDirectorattheCNRS, FrenchNationalCenterforScientificResearch, BiotechnologySchooloftheUniversityofStrasbourg, Illkirch,France v Thispageintentionallyleftblank ASSOCIATE EDITORS DennisHBamford,Ph.D. RobertALamb,Ph.D.,Sc.D. DepartmentofBiologicalandEnvironmentalSciences DepartmentofBiochemistry, andInstituteofBiotechnology,Biocenter2, MolecularBiologyandCellBiology P.O.Box56(Viikinkaari5), HowardHughesMedicalInstitute 00014UniversityofHelsinki, NorthwesternUniversity Finland 2205TechDr. Evanston CharlesCalisher,B.S.,M.S.,Ph.D. IL60208-3500 Arthropod-borneandInfectiousDiseasesLaboratory USA DepartmentofMicrobiology,ImmunologyandPathology CollegeofVeterinaryMedicineandBiomedicalSciences OlivierLeGall ColoradoStateUniversity IPV,UMRGDPP,IBVM, FortCollins INRABordeaux-Aquitaine,BP81, CO80523 F-33883Villenaved’OrnonCedex USA FRANCE AndrewJDavison,M.A.,Ph.D. VincentRacaniello,Ph.D. MRCVirologyUnit DepartmentofMicrobiology InstituteofVirology ColumbiaUniversity UniversityofGlasgow NewYork,NY10032 ChurchStreet USA GlasgowG115JR UK DavidATheilmann,Ph.D.,B.Sc.,M.Sc PacificAgri-FoodResearchCentre ClaudeFauquet AgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada ILTAB/DonaldDanforthPlantScienceCenter Box5000,4200Highway97 975NorthWarsonRoad Summerland St.Louis,MO63132 BCV0H1Z0 SaidGhabrial,B.S.,M.S.,Ph.D. Canada PlantPathologyDepartment UniversityofKentucky HJosefVetten,Ph.D. 201FPlantScienceBuilding JuliusKuehnInstitute,FederalResearchCentrefor 1405VeteransDrive CultivatedPlants(JKI) Lexington Messeweg11-12 KY4050546-0312 38104Braunschweig USA Germany EricHunter,B.Sc.,Ph.D. PeterJWalker,B.Sc.,Ph.D. DepartmentofPathologyandLaboratoryMedicine,and CSIROLivestockIndustries EmoryVaccineCenter AustralianAnimalHealthLaboratory(AAHL) EmoryUniversity PrivateBag24 954GatewoodRoadNE Geelong AtlantaGeorgia30329 VIC3220 USA Australia vii Thispageintentionallyleftblank PREFACE TheDeskEncyclopediaofAnimalandBacterialVirologyisthethirdofaseriesoffour volumesthatreproducemanyofthe chaptersinthethirdeditionoftheEncyclopediaofVirology,editedbyBrianWJMahyandMarcHVvanRegenmortel, publishedbyAcademicPress/Elsevier2008.Itcontains79chaptersthatrelatetoanimalandbacterialvirology.Thefirst section includes 34 chapters that describe general features of farm and other animals of agricultural importance. Section 2 contains 20 chapters describing other animal viruses, and Section 3 has four chapters on avian viruses. In section 4, 10 chapters are devoted to viruses affecting aquatic species such as fish and crustaceans. The volume concludeswithSection5,whichcontains11chapters,anddealswithvirusesthatinfectbacteria(bacteriophages). In bringing all these topics under one cover, it is hoped that the book will provide a convenient reference source andanup-to-dateintroductiontorecentadvancesinanimalandbacterialvirology.Alongwiththefirstvolumeofthe series, on General Virology, this book provides excellent material for a teaching course in virology for students of veterinaryscience. BrianWJMahy MarcHVvanRegenmortel ix