Design of wideband arrays of spiral antennas. Israel Hinostroza To cite this version: Israel Hinostroza. Design of wideband arrays of spiral antennas.. Other. Supélec, 2013. English. ￿NNT: 2013SUPL0008￿. ￿tel-00830469￿ HAL Id: tel-00830469 https://theses.hal.science/tel-00830469 Submitted on 5 Jun 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Th`ese de Doctorat DOMAINE : Sciences physiques pour l’ing´enieur Sp´ecialit´e : E´lectromagn´etisme E´cole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies de l’Information des ≪ T´el´ecommunications et des Syst`emes ≫ Pr´esent´ee par : Israel HINOSTROZA Sujet : Conception de r´eseaux large bande d’antennes spirales Soutenue le 5 avril 2013 devant les membres du jury : Dr. Liliana-Delia Arnaud-Cormos, Universit´e de Limoges Examinateur Pr. Rapha¨el Gillard, INSA Rennes Rapporteur Pr. Randy L. Haupt, Colorado School of Mines Examinateur Pr. Dominique Lesselier, L2S Examinateur Pr. Marc Lesturgie, SONDRA Examinateur Dr. Nicolas Ribi`ere-Tharaud, CEA Examinateur Pr. Warren L. Stutzman, Virginia Tech Rapporteur Dr. R´egis Guinvarc’h, SONDRA Directeur de Th`ese Hola 2013-08-TH Bla bla bla c 2013 (cid:13) All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank R´egis Guinvarc’h for all the support and discussions about this work. He was always trying to put my feet back on the ground. I specially appreciated his guidance about the structure of the work and patience about my sistematic errors. I will be forever in his debt. I would also thank Randy Haupt for all his advices. His experience and open-mindness made a huge difference in my work. Thanks to Karim Louertani for all the discussions and work we have done together during my work. I also appreciate all the conversations with my colleagues in SONDRA Lab. It helped me broaden my research work. I am greatful to my parents, Flor and Pascual, and my sisters, Vicky and Melissa, for all the support to continue in my work, that kind of support that only a very close-knit family gives. I also thank my beloved wife, Cristina, for all the overnight discussions and encouragements, specially in those moments when things appear without solution. And, above all, I thank God, because He gives us the power to think. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix RE´SUME´ E´TENDU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xlix CHAPTER I. General Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Antenna basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2.1 Some antenna concepts and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2.2 Broadband antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 The Archimedean spiral antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3.1 Type of spirals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.3.2 Feeding system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3.3 Cavity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.3.4 Miniaturization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.4 Antenna array basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.4.1 Mutual coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.4.2 Array factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1.4.3 Uniformly spaced arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1.4.4 Non-uniformly spaced arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.4.5 Dual polarization capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.4.6 Array bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.5 Summary of chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 II. Linear Array of Spiral Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.2 Resonances in a linear array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.2.1 An example of a linear array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 vii 2.2.2 Resonance in arrays without ground plane and in any type of spirals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.2.3 Standing waves found in just one spiral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.2.4 Explanation using transmission line theory . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.2.5 Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 2.3 Mono-polarized uniform linear array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 2.3.1 Analytical estimation of the bandwidth of linear arrays . . . . . 55 2.3.2 Simulation of linear arrays of asymmetrical spirals . . . . . . . . 58 2.4 Dual polarized linear array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 2.5 Summary of chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 III. Planar Array of Spiral Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3.2 Mono polarized planar array of spiral antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3.2.1 An example of a mono polarized planar array of spiral antennas 67 3.2.2 Analytical estimation of bandwidth of planar spiral arrays . . . . 68 3.2.3 Simulations of planar arrays to validate analytical method . . . . 70 3.2.4 WAVES technique in uniform planar arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 3.3 Dual polarized planar array (6:1 bandwidth) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 3.3.1 Design and measurements of one ring array . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 3.3.2 Applying first design trend: Adding more rings . . . . . . . . . . 92 3.3.3 Applying second design trend: Connecting the spirals . . . . . . 95 3.4 Summary of chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 IV. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 4.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 viii GLOSSARY AR Axial Ratio VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio XpolR Rejection of Cross Polarization RSLL Relative Side Lobe Level ix