Acta Arachnologica, 67(1): 1–5, August 31, 2018 Description of the male of Chactas braziliensis Lourenço, Aguiar & Franklin 2005 (Scorpiones: Chactidae) André Felipe de Araujo Lira1*, Laís Macedo Pordeus1, Moisés Barbosa de Souza2 & Edson Guilherme2 1 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biolo- gia Animal. Rua Prof. Moraes Rego S/N, Cidade Universitária, 50570-420, Recife, PE, Brazil 2 Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Campus Universitário - BR 364 km 04 Distrito Indus- trial, Rio Branco, 69900-970, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract ― Chactas braziliensis Lourenço, Aguiar & Franklin 2005 was described on the basis of four adult females collected in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, and represents the only species of this genus in the country. In this paper, the male of this species, which has never been recorded, is described for the first time by using a specimen taken from the state of Acre, Brazil. Males of C. braziliensis can be distinguished from those of oth- er small (up to 35 mm) Chactas species (C. adornelae Rossi 2014 and C. koepckei Lourenço & Dastych 2001) by the numbers of pedipalp femur carinae and pectinal teeth. Key words ― Acre state, Amazon forest, Arachnida, scorpion, Parque Nacional Serra do Divisor Despite Brazil’s vast area, only a single Chactas species, Introduction Chactas braziliensis, has been recorded in the country. This The genus Chactas Gervais 1844 belonging to the family species was described on the basis of four female individu- Chactidae Pocock 1893 is characterized by 4 to 6 tricho- als collected from the western portion of Amazonas state in bothria on the ventral aspect of patella, and fixed finger of the Amazon Basin (Lourenço et al. 2005). To date, males of chela without an extra-large accessory tooth; male pedipalps this species remain unknown. Recently a chactid scorpion very long and slender compared to those of females (Lou- collected in the Parque Nacional Serra do Divisor, Acre, renço & Dastych 2001). This Neotropical scorpion genus near the Peruvian border in 2001 was sent to the Universi- occurs exclusively from Central to South America (Lourenço dade Federal de Pernambuco in Recife, Brazil, and it was 1991; Teruel & Cozijin 2011), and in the Caribbean Islands identified as a male of Chactas braziliensis. The male of this (Francke & Boos 1986). Currently, most of species being species is described for the first time in this paper. found in Colombia and Venezuela (González-Sponga 1996; Materials and methods Lourenço 1997). Few species are known from other South American countries (Rossi 2014). Measurements were taken using a digital caliper and This genus was originally described by Gervais (1844) are given in mm. Photos were taken using a DSLR Nikon for Chactas vanbenedenii (Gervais 1843) from Colombia. D5500 with an 18–55 mm Nikkor lens and an attached According to Lourenço (2014), morphological diagnosis of Raynox DCR-250 lens. Drawings were prepared by using Chactas species is rather difficult, mainly because several photographs taken on Inkscape 0.92, using a Wacom MTE- species are extremely similar. Thus, the taxonomic reso- 450 Bamboo tablet. The morphological terminology mostly lution of Chactas has been the subject of constant debate follows Ochoa et al. (2010; 2013). The material examined is (Lourenço 2014). Kraepelin (1912) revised the genus pro- deposited in the Arachnological collection of the Universi- posing the existence of three natural groups of species with- dade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Comparisons in Chactas. Later, Mello-Leitão (1945) raised these groups with C. braziliensis were made through a holotype high defi- to the subgenera rank. In 1978, González-Sponga proposed nition photos and other Chactas species were made through the creation of two new subgenera on the basis of the rel- the revision of the bibliography. ative number of trichobothria. However, Lourenço (1997) suggested that the variation in this single character is not sufficient for the division of the genus into subgenera. 2 A. F. A. Lira, L. M. Pordeus, M. B. Souza & E. Guilherme Fig. 1. Distribution of Chactas braziliensis. Circle: type locality; star: the new locality shown in this study. Description of male. Measurements. Total length 34.2. Taxonomy Prosoma: length 4.9; anterior width 3.2; posterior width Chactas braziliensis Lourenço, Aguiar & Franklin 2005 5.3. Mesosoma length 12.7. Metasomal segment I: length 2.2; width 2.5; depth 2.0. Metasomal segment II: length Chactas braziliensis Lourenço, Aguiar & Franklin 2005, p. 2, figs. 2.2; width 2.1; depth 2.0. Metasomal segment III: length 1–13. 2.8; width: 2.1; depth 2.1. Metasomal segment IV: length 3.6; width 2.1; depth 2.1. Metasomal segment V: length Type material. Female holotype and three female para- 5.8; width 1.9; depth 1.7. Vesicle: width 1.8; depth 1.7. types from Guajara, Amazonas state, Brazil deposited in In- Pedipalp: patela length 6.2; width 1.8; femur length 5.8; stituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus width 1.7; chela length 10.7; width 2.5; depth 2.2; movable and Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Collection finger length 4.8. Coloration (Fig. 2). Prosoma. Black- date 13–19/VI/1995. ish-brown; Chelicerae yellow with reticulated brownish New record. One male. Brazil, Acre, Parque Nacional da spots; fingers uniformly dense, blackish-brown; some teeth Serra do Divisor, Moa River, Gibraltar locality (Fig. 1), one reddish. Pedipalps, femur and patella blackish-brown; chela male, November 20, 2001, Souza, M. B., deposited in CA- hand reddish-brown; finger blackish. Legs yellowish-brown UFPE #1542. with yellow basitarsus and telotarsus. Mesosoma. Tergites Distribution. Known only from western Amazonas, Bra- blackish-brown with central longitudinal yellowish strip. zil. Metasoma. Segments blackish-brown with blackish zones Diagnosis. Males of C. braziliensis show morphological over carinae; vesicle yellowish-brown with reddish stinger. affinities with others small (up to 35 mm) congeners such Venter and sternites brownish-yellow with some yellowish as C. koepckei Lourenço & Dastych 2001 and C. adornelae zones; pectines and genital operculum more pale than ster- Rossi 2014. Chactas braziliensis can be distinguished from nites. Morphology. Prosoma. Weak concavity in anterior these species by the following combination of characters: four margin; lustrous and acarinate; lateral sides show very thin carinae present on pedipalp femur of C. braziliensis, while the granulation; shallow furrows (Fig. 3). Sternum pentagonal, number of carinae is 3 in C. adornelae and 5 in C. koepckei. wider than long. Tergites acarinate, smooth and shiny with Males of C. braziliensis possess eight pectinal teeth, while C. lateral punctations. Pectinal tooth count 8-8, fulcra absent adornelae and C. koepckei possess seven teeth. (Fig. 4). Sternites smooth and shiny; spiracles small and Acta Arachnologica, 67(1), August 2018 ⒸArachnological Society of Japan Description of the male of Chactas braziliensis 3 Fig. 2. Adult male of Chactas braziliensis. A, dorsal aspect; B, ventral aspect. Scales = 1 cm. Fig. 3. Prosoma of Chactas braziliensis. Fig. 4. Genital operculum and pectin of Chactas braziliensis. oval in shape. Pedipalps: Femur with dorsal internal, dorsal ‘majorante’ (Vachon 1974); chela with 4 ventral trichobo- external, and ventral internal carinae strongly marked, ven- thria; patella with 5 ventral and 17 external trichobothria tral external carina weakly marked, internal face moderately (Fig. 5). Ventral surface of tarsus in legs III and IV with a granulated, dorsal and ventral faces without granulations, median series of small spinules and 5 external and 4 inter- smooth. Patella smooth and lustrous; dorsal internal and nal setae. Metasoma. Segments with a lustrous tegument; ventral internal carinae moderate; ventral external carinae segments I and II with two dorso-lateral spines, segment I vestigial; other carinae absent. Chela lustrous; dorsal inter- with a vestigial dorso-lateral and median lateral carinae, oth- nal carina weak; other carinae vestigial; internal face with ers carinae absent. Segment II with weak dorso-lateral and a few weak granules, other faces smooth. Dentate margins median lateral carinae, vestigial lateral inframedian carinae, on movable and fixed fingers with a median denticle row others carinae absent. Segment III with weak dorso-lateral composed of 8 groups of granules. Chelicerae with typical and median lateral carinae, vestigial lateral inframedian dentition of the family Chactidae (Vachon 1963), intense carinae, others carinae absent. Segment IV with a moderate setation ventrally. Trichobothriotaxy type C; neobothriotaxic dorso-lateral carinae, weakly median lateral and lateral in- Acta Arachnologica, 67(1), August 2018 ⒸArachnological Society of Japan 4 A. F. A. Lira, L. M. Pordeus, M. B. Souza & E. Guilherme Fig. 5. Trichobothrial pattern of male Chactas braziliensis. A, femur, dorsal aspect; B, chela dorso-external aspect; C, chela ventral aspect; D, chela internal aspect; E, patella dorsal aspect; F, patella external aspect; G, patella ventral aspect. Scales = 3 mm. Acta Arachnologica, 67(1), August 2018 ⒸArachnological Society of Japan Description of the male of Chactas braziliensis 5 framedian carinae, others carinae absent. Segment V with genus Chactas Gervais, 1844 (Scorpiones, Chactidae) from Ecuador moderate median lateral and ventrosubmedian carinae, small with description of a new species from the Amazonian Province of Sucumbíos. Zookeys, 372: 17–26. spinoid granulations on ventral aspect, others carinae absent. Lourenço, W. R., Aguiar, N. O. & Franklin, E. 2005. First record of Vesicle lustrous and with minute granulation. the scorpion genus Chactas Gervais, 1844, for Brazil with descrip- tion of a new species from western State of Amazonas (Scorpiones: Acknowledgements Chactidae). Zootaxa, 984: 1–8. We are grateful to Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Lourenço, W. R. & Dastych, H. 2001. A contribution to the scorpi- Nível Superior (CAPES) for granting a PhD scholarship to AFAL. We on fauna of Peru, with a description of Chactas koepckei sp. nov. would also like to thank the anonymous reviewer for his comments to (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst., 98: 51–62. improve the previous version of the manuscript. Mello-Leitão, C. 1945. Escorpiões Sul Americanos. Arq. Mus. Nac., 40: 1–468. References Ochoa, J. A., Botero-Trujillo, R. & Lorenzo, P. 2010. On the Tro- glomorphic Scorpion Troglotayosicus humiculum (Scorpiones, Francke, O. F. & Boos, J. 1986. Chactidae (Scorpiones) from Trinidad Troglotayosicidae), with first description of the adults. Am. Mus. and Tobago. J. Arachnol., 14: 15–28. Novit., 3691: 1–19. Gervais, P. M. 1843. Les principaux résultats d’un travail sur la famille Ochoa, J. A., Rojas-Runjaic F. J. M., Pinto-da-Rocha R. & Lorenzo, P. des Scopions. Soc. Phil. Paris., Extraits Procès‐Verbaux Seánces, 5: 2013. Systematic revision of the neotropical scorpion genus Chac- 129–131. topsis (Chactoidea: Chactidae), with descriptions of two new genera Gervais, P. M. 1844. Remarques sur la famille des Scorpions et and four new species. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 378: 1–121. description des plusieurs espèces nouvelles de la collection du Rossi, A. 2014. On the genus Chactas Gervais, 1844 in Peru with the Muséum. Archs. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 4: 201–240. description of a new species (Scorpiones: Chactidae). Onychium, González-Sponga, M. A. 1978. Escorpiofauna de la region oriental del 10: 3–9. estado Bolivar, Venezuela. Editorial Roto-Impresos, Caracas, 216 Teruel, R. & Cozijn, M. A. C. 2011. A checklist of the scorpions pp. (Arachnida: Scorpiones) of Panama, with two new records. Euscor- González-Sponga, M. A. 1996. Guía para identificar Escorpiones de pius, 133: 1–6. Venezuela. Cuadernos Lagoven. Editorial Artes, Caracas, 203 pp. Vachon, M. 1963. De l’utilité, en systématique, d’une nomenclature Kraepelin, K. 1912. Neue Beiträge zur Systematik der Gliederspinnen. des dents des chélicères chez les Scorpions. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. II. Chactinae (Scorpiones). Ann. Nat. Hist. Mus., 29: 43–88. Nat., 35: 161–166. Lourenço, W. R. 1991. Les Scorpions (Chelicerata) de Colombie. II. Vachon, M. 1974. Etude des caractères utilisés pour classer les familles Les faunes des régions de Santa Marta et de la cordillère orientale. et les genres de Scorpions (Arachnides). 1. La trichobothriotaxie en Approche biogéographique. Senckenb. Biol., 71: 275–288. arachnologie. Sigles trichobothriaux et types de trichobothriotaxie Lourenço, W. R. 1997. Synopsis of the scorpion fauna of Colombia, chez les Scorpions. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., 104: 857–958. with some considerations on the biogeography and diversity of spe- cies. Rev. Suisse Zool., 104: 61–94. Received September 23, 2017 / Accepted November 17, 2017 Lourenço, W. R. 2014. The second confirmed record of the scorpion Acta Arachnologica, 67(1), August 2018 ⒸArachnological Society of Japan