Notice to the Reader Publisher does not warrant or guarantee any of the products described herein or perform any independent analysis in connection with any of the product information contained herein. Publisher does not assume, and expressly disclaims, any obligation to obtain and include information other than that provided to it by the manufacturer. The reader is expressly warned to consider and adopt all safety precautions that might be indicated by the activities described herein and to avoid all potential hazards. By following the instructions contained herein, the reader willingly assumes all risks in connection with such instructions. The publisher makes no representations or warranties of any kind, including but not limited to, the warranties of fitness for particular purpose or merchantability, nor are any such representations implied with respect to the material set forth herein, and the publisher takes no responsibility with respect to such material. The publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this material. CDA, FADAA, M.Ed. CDA, BA Spokane Community College Spokane Community College Australia Canada Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States Dental Materials Guide © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning by Donna Phinney and Judy Halstead ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, Vice President, Career and scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or Professional Editorial information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 Dave Garza or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written Director of Learning Solutions permission of the publisher. Matthew Kane Senior Product Manager For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Darcy M. Scelsi Professional & Career Group Customer Support, 1-800-648-7450 For permission to use material from this text or product, Vice President, Career submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. and Professional Marketing Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to Jennifer McAvey [email protected]. Marketing Manager Lynn Henn Library of Congress Control Number: 2007943969 Production Director ISBN-13: 978-1-418-05199-0 Carolyn Miller ISBN-10: 1-4180-5199-3 Content Project Manager Delmar Cengage Learning Kenneth McGrath 5 Maxwell Drive Clifton Park, NY 12065-2919 Senior Art Director USA Jack Pendleton Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. Printed in China For your lifelong learning solutions, visit delmar.cengage.com 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12 11 10 09 08 CONTENTS v vi CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 7 Preliminary Restorative Dental Custom Trays and Provisionals. . . . 457 Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 2 Fluorides, Pit and Fissure Sealants, Dental Cements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 and Tooth Whitening Agents. . . . . . 511 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 9 Restorative Dental Materials. . . . . . 181 Dental Sterilants and Disinfectants. . . 615 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 10 Dental Impression Materials. . . . . . 259 Speciality Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . 679 CHAPTER 5 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759 Dental Gypsum Materials . . . . . . . . 341 CHAPTER 6 Dental Waxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 PREFACE vii viii PREFACE FOR DENTAL The delivery methods of many mate- rials are also advancing. They are being MATERIALS GUIDE made easier to prepare, mix, and place for the dentist and the dental assistant. Instead There are so many different materials used of the materials coming in a powder/liquid in dentistry that the sheer number can be composition form, many materials now overwhelming when trying to learn the come in cartridges or cannules for easy dis- types of materials and where and when pensing with a dispensing gun. Some they are used. come in automix forms with disposable Dental materials are continually de- mixing tips that mix the materials as they veloping and changing as technology ad- are being dispensed. There are also single vances and different clinical needs arise. dose packets available and capsules for For example many dental materials now quick mixing with little need for clean up. have fluoride added to their composition The dental assistant is responsible for fluoride strengthens the enamel. An- for knowing all of the materials used in a other change has been occurring as more dental office. They order, stock, prepare and more people want the “natural” look and mix a large variety of materials. and from this trend a number of materials Some states also allow the assistant to are being developed for esthetic/cosmetic place some of the materials in the oral dentistry. cavity. There are many types of materials used in the dental office; examples in- include a variety of materials for the den- clude materials used in dental hygiene, tal assistant to gain an understanding of restorative materials or materials only the basics so they can use this informa- used in the laboratory. Having a compre- tion and apply it to any brand name. The hensive grasp of the materials used is materials are categorized in groupings also beneficial for patient education and that follow basic dental procedures in protection. general and specialty dentistry. For ex- The Dental Materials Pocket Guide is ample, one section covers the impression designed to give the dental assistant stu- materials; another section covers all the dent the basic knowledge of a variety dental cements. This allows students to of dental materials in each category of easily study similar information. The materials used in a dental office. This pocket guide covers the use, composi- pocket guide includes materials used in tion, properties, OSHA properties, mix- specialty offices, dental hygiene, and a ing and setting times, and directions for few materials the patient uses at home. It each material. allows the student to see how the mate- We feel students will find this rials are divided into uses and then gives guide to be a very helpful tool in their examples of each type. There are too learning process as an adjunct to their many different brands of each material main textbook and clinic/laboratory to include in one text but we tried to experience. ix