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Firstprinting,January2008 AJAX, Rich Internet Applications, and Web Development For Programmers D ® D S EITEL EVELOPER ERIES PaulJ.Deitel Deitel&Associates,Inc. HarveyM.Deitel Deitel&Associates,Inc. Upper SaddleRiver, NJ•Boston•Indianapolis•SanFrancisco New York •Toronto•Montreal •London •Munich •Paris•Madrid Capetown• Sydney•Tokyo •Singapore• MexicoCity Trademarks DEITEL,thedouble-thumbs-upbugandDIVEINTOareregisteredtrademarksofDeitel& Associates,Inc. Adobe,Dreamweaver,FlexandFlashareeitherregisteredtrademarksortrademarksofAdobe Systems,Inc. ApacheisatrademarkofTheApacheSoftwareFoundation. CSS,DOM,XHTMLandXMLareregisteredtrademarksoftheWorldWideWebCon- sortium. Del.icio.usandFlickraretrademarksofYahoo!Inc. DiggisatrademarkofDiggInc. FirefoxisaregisteredtrademarkoftheMozillaFoundation. GoogleisatrademarkofGoogle,Inc. JavaScript,JavaandallJava-basedmarksaretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofSun Microsystems,Inc.intheUnitedStatesandothercountries. Microsoft,InternetExplorer,SilverlightandtheWindowslogoareeitherregisteredtrade- marksortrademarksofMicrosoftCorporationintheUnitedStatesand/orothercountries. MySpaceisaregisteredtrademarkofMySpace.com. UNIXisaregisteredtrademarkofTheOpenGroup. RubyonRailsisatrademarkofDavidHeinemeierHansson. MySQLisaregisteredtrademarkofMySQLAB. SecondLifeisaregisteredtrademarkofLindenResearch,Inc. SkypeisatrademarkofeBay,Inc. Web2.0isaservicemarkofCMPMedia. WikipediaisaregisteredtrademarkofWikiMedia. Throughoutthisbook,trademarksareused.Ratherthanputatrademarksymbolinevery occurrenceofatrademarkedname,westatethatweareusingthenamesinaneditorial fashiononlyandtothebenefitofthetrademarkowner,withnointentionofinfringement ofthetrademark. ToJesseJamesGarrett: Forrecognizingthat"somethingspecialwasintheair"inweb applicationsdevelopment;forcoiningtheterm"Ajax" (AsynchronousJavaScriptandXML)tonamethat phenomenon;andforyourtirelesseffortsinpromotingAjax— akeysetoftechnologiesdefiningWeb2.0. PaulandHarveyDeitel Deitel Resource Centers OurResourceCentersfocusonthevastamountsoffreecontentavailableonline.Findresources, downloads,tutorials,documentation,books,e-books,journals,articles,blogs,RSSfeedsandmore onmanyoftoday’shottestprogrammingandtechnologytopics.Forthemostup-to-datelistofour ResourceCenters,visit: www.deitel.com/ResourceCenters.html LetusknowwhatotherResourceCentersyou’dliketosee!Also,pleaseregisterforthefreeDeitel® BuzzOnlinee-mailnewsletterat: www.deitel.com/newsletter/subscribe.html ComputerScience VisualBasic JavaSE7(Dolphin) SearchEngines RegularExpressions VisualC++ ResourceCenter SharePoint VisualStudioTeamSys- JavaFX Skype Programming tem WebServers Microsoft ASP.NET3.5 Web3DTechnologies Wikis AdobeFlex WebServices ASP.NET WindowsVista Ajax WindowsPresentation ASP.NET3.5 Apex Foundation ASP.NETAjax Web2.0 ASP.NETAjax XHTML C# AlertServices ASP.NET XML DotNetNuke(DNN) AttentionEconomy C InternetExplorer7(IE7) Blogging C++ GamesandGame MicrosoftLINQ BuildingWeb C++BoostLibraries Programming .NET Communities C++GameProgramming ComputerGamePro- .NET3.0 CommunityGenerated C# gramming .NET3.5 Content CodeSearchEnginesand ComputerGames SharePoint FacebookDeveloper CodeSites MobileGaming Silverlight Platform ComputerGame Sudoku VisualBasic FacebookSocialAds Programming VisualC++ GoogleBase CSS2.1 InternetBusiness VisualStudioTeam GoogleVideo Dojo AffiliatePrograms System GoogleWebToolkit FacebookDeveloperPlat- CompetitiveAnalysis WindowsPresentation (GWT) form FacebookSocialAds Foundation InternetVideo Flash9 GoogleAdSense WindowsVista Joost Java GoogleAnalytics MicrosoftPopfly Location-BasedServices JavaCertificationand GoogleServices Mashups OpenSource& AssessmentTesting InternetAdvertising Microformats JavaDesignPatterns InternetBusiness LAMPStack RecommenderSystems JavaEE5 Initiative Apache RSS JavaSE6 InternetPublicRelations DotNetNuke(DNN) SocialGraph JavaSE7(Dolphin) LinkBuilding Eclipse SocialMedia ResourceCenter Location-BasedServices Firefox SocialNetworking JavaFX OnlineLeadGeneration Linux SoftwareasaService JavaScript Podcasting MySQL (SaaS) JSON SearchEngineOptimiza- OpenSource VirturalWorlds MicrosoftLINQ tion Perl Web2.0 MicrosoftPopfly SellingDigitalContent PHP Web3.0 .NET Sitemaps Python Widgets .NET3.0 WebAnalytics Ruby DiveIntoWeb2.0 .NET3.5 WebsiteMonetization OpenGL YouTubeandAdSense Software eBook Perl Apache Web2eBook PHP Java DotNetNuke(DNN) ProgrammingProjects Java Eclipse OtherTopics Python JavaCertificationand Firefox ComputerGames RegularExpressions AssessmentTesting InternetExplorer7(IE7) ComputingJobs Ruby JavaDesignPatterns Linux GadgetsandGizmos RubyonRails JavaEE5 MySQL RingTones Silverlight JavaSE6 OpenSource Sudoku Contents Preface xix Before You Begin xxxi Part 1: Introduction 1 1 Dive Into® Web 2.0 2 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 WhatIsWeb2.0? 4 1.3 Search 7 1.4 ContentNetworks 12 1.5 User-GeneratedContent 13 1.6 Blogging 16 1.7 SocialNetworking 19 1.8 SocialMedia 23 1.9 Tagging 26 1.10 SocialBookmarking 28 1.11 SoftwareDevelopment 29 1.12 RichInternetApplications(RIAs) 32 1.13 WebServices,Mashups,WidgetsandGadgets 34 1.14 Location-BasedServices 37 1.15 XML,RSS,Atom,JSONandVoIP 38 1.16 Web2.0MonetizationModels 39 1.17 Web2.0BusinessModels 41 1.18 FutureoftheWeb 44 1.19 WheretoGoforMoreWeb2.0Information 48 1.20 Web2.0Bibliography 49 1.21 Web2.0Glossary 56 Part 2: The Ajax Client 66 2 Introduction to XHTML 67 2.1 Introduction 68 2.2 EditingXHTML 69 2.3 FirstXHTMLExample 69 2.4 W3CXHTMLValidationService 72 2.5 Headings 72