GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO. 206 DEEP AND UNDERGROUND EXCAVATIONS PROCEEDINGS OF SESSIONS OF GEOSHANGHAI2010 June 3-5, 2010 Shanghai, China HOSTED BY Tongji University Shanghai Society of Civil Engineering, China Chinese Institution of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, China IN COOPERATION WITH Alaska University Transportation Center, USA ASCE Geo-Institute, USA Deep Foundation Institute, USA East China Architectural Design & Research Institute Company, China Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan Transportation Research Board (TRB), USA The University of Newcastle, Australia The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA The University of Kansas, USA The University of Tennessee, USA Vienna University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Austria EDITED BY Fulvio Tonon Xian Liu WeiWu G-l GEO- ASCE INSTITUTE Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data GeoShanghai International Conference (2010) Deep and underground excavations : proceedings of the GeoShanghai 2010 International Conference, June 3-5, 2010 Shanghai, China / edited by Fulvio Tonon, Xian Liu, Wei Wu. p. cm. - (Geotechnical special publication ; no. 206) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7844-1107-0 1. Excavation-Congresses. I. Tonon, Fulvio. II. Liu, Xian, 1977- III. Wu, Wei, 1961- IV. American Society of Civil Engineers. V. Title. TA730.G46 2010 624.1'9~dc22 2010012105 American Society of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia, 20191-4400 www.pubs.asce.org Any statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein. No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a reference in purchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document. 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A reprint order form can be found at http: //pubs. asce. org/support/reprints/. Copyright ® 2010 by the American Society of Civil Engineers. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-7844-1107-0 Manufactured in the United States of America. Preface At the current rate of population increase, only 650 years will elapse before each human being will have only 1 m2 of land available. This is a paradoxical situation and something must happen before it is reached. On a geological scale, 650 years are a blink of an eye. Since the good of Society is at the top of Civil Engineers' ethics, Civil Engineers are urged to find solutions to cope with an ever increasing population. The pressure exerted by the population increase, the sensitivity toward the environment, and the ever increasing cost of the land all call for underground excavations as sustainable Civil Engineering infrastructures of this century to provide room for services, transportation of people and goods, water supply and disposal, sanitation, storage, etc. Against this backdrop, the papers contained in this ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication testify to the research and practical implementations carried out around the world, and specially in China, to use the subsurface as a Civil Engineering dimension to solve today's Society's needs. Deep excavations and retaining structures, tunnels and underground excavations are covered in this volume together with new frontiers in urban geotechnology. The hope of the Editors is that the volume be of interest to engineers that operate in the underground construction industry and to those that are approaching such a fascinating field. The Editors also wish that this set of papers contributes to increase the visibility of underground construction in the eyes of decision makers as a feasible and effective solution to the Society's needs. The Editors: Fulvio Tonon University of Texas at Austin, USA Xian Liu Tongji University, China WeiWu University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria iii Acknowledgements The Editors would like to express their sincere thanks to the reviewers that made it possible to provide feedback to the authors and eventually select the papers for publications. Their names are given here in alphabetical order. Asadollahi Pooyan Schanz Tom Aschaer Franz Seo Sang Yeon Bao Yihai Tang Yongjin Berhe Tensay Tao Jin Cai Yongchang Triantafyllidis Theodor Chen Ran Vogt Norbert Grabe Juergen Wang Xuetao Hawks Andre Wang Yuannian Idinger Gregor Xie Xiongyao JiaXin Xu Qianwei Jiang Xiaomo Yang Hong Jiang Xiaomo ye Guang Kim Seung Han You Xiaomin Kolymbas Dimitrios Zeiml Matthias Li Lin Zhang Dongmei Li Xiaojun Zhao Huiling Murray Brad Zhao Xu Pimentel Erich Zou Yazhou Qi Jilin iv Contents Deep Excavations and Retaining Structures Design and Construction of Reinforced Steel Chain Wall 1 Kepha Abongo, Makoto Kimura, and Akihiro Kitamura Deformation Regularity and Simplified Calculation Method for Foundation Pit with Confined Water during Excavation and Dewatering 9 Chunlin Ding and Xiaohong Meng Model Tests and Numerical Simulations on Pile-Soil Interaction of Passive Piles 17 Jian Zhou, Xiao-Hang Chen, Qing-you Zeng, and Biao Wu Design and Research of Circular Diaphragm Wall for Deep Excavation of Shanghai Tower 24 Jian Jia, XiaoLin Xie, ChuanPing Liu, JieQun Zhai, and Yu Zhang Analysis of Case Histories on Deep Excavations in Marine Clay 37 S. Y. Lam, X. Ma, and M. D. Bolton Analytic Method of Load-Displacement Curve for Tension Anchors Based on Hyperbolic Load-Transfer Function 43 Wei Liu, Long-zhu Chen, and Xiao-zhou Xi Experimental Research of Jet-Grouting Parameters in Different Soil Conditions 49 Alexey Malinin, Ilya Gladkov, and Dmitriy Malinin Mitigation of Sheet Pile Movements during DDC by Open Trenches 55 Yong Tan, Fangle Peng, and Shaoming Liao Deep Excavation Induced Pile Movement in Bangkok Subsoil—A Numerical Investigation 62 Pornkasem Jongpradist, Tanapong Rukdeechuai, Sompote Youwai, Warat Kongkitkul, Attasit Sawatpanich, and Jutha Sunitsakul A Case Study of Retaining Wall with Soil-Cement Mixing Reinforcement for Korean Urban Site 70 YoungSeok Kim and YongSang Cho A Preliminary Study on the Behavior of Axially Loaded Single Pile Subjected to Lateral Soil Movement behind a Retaining Wall 76 Feng Yu, Feng Chu, and Fa-Yun Liang A Combined Retaining Structure and Its Application in Deep Excavation 84 Yuwen Yang Interaction Effect of Retaining Wall and Existing Foundations in Braced Excavation 92 H. M. Shahin, T. Nakai, M. Kikumoto, Y. Uetanti, and F. Zhang V Deformation Prediction of Deep Excavation Based on Unequal Interval Grey Model GM(1,1) 100 E-chuan Yan, Ying Li, Yu-lei Li, and Ting-ting Zhang Three Dimensional Performance Observed in an Irregular Deep Excavation in Shanghai Soft Clay 107 Hua Yuan and Qinghe Zhang Evaluation of Stability of Tailings Dam Based on Evolutionary Artificial Neural Network 114 Zai-hong Li, Rui Chen, and Wei-dong Lei Identification of Landslide Susceptible Slopes and Risk Assessment Using a Coupled GIS-FEA-Module 120 Franz-Xaver Trauner, Conrad Boley, and Eva Nuhn Deformation of Anchor-Sheet Pile Wall Retaining System at Deep Excavations in Soft Soils Overlying Bedrock 126 Jianqin Ma, Bo S. Berggren, Hakan Stille, and Staffan Hintze Centrifuge Model Study of Impact on Existing Undercrossing Induced by Deep Excavation 132 X. Y. Xie, Z. W. Ning, X. R. Liu, and F. Z. Liu Tunneling and Underground Construction Effectiveness of Ground Improvement for a Cut-and-Cover Tunnel with a Backfill Slope Based on Finite Element Analysis 144 Hong Yang Reconstruction of the Temperature Distribution on the Vertical Direction of Tunnel in Fire Accidents 52 Yin-gang Fang, He-hua Zhu, and Zhi-guo Yan Determination of Stress Release Coefficient and Analysis of Influence Factors in Granular Soil Tunnel 158 Zhuang Li and Shun-hua Zhou Study on Rock Mass Stability Effect of High Water Pressure Tunnels by Hydraulic Fracturing Failure 164 Zongli Li, Xiaohui Liu, and Qingwen Ren Application of Single Pass Tunnel Lining with Steel Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete on the Ventilation Shaft of Mount Motian Tunnel 170 L. J. Su, X. K. Xing, Z. P. Song, H. J. Liao, and S. Y. Wang Numerical Analyses and Elasto-Plastic Behavior Study on Surrounding Rock Mass of the Underground Caverns in a Hydropower Station during Deep Excavations 176 Yong Li, Weishen Zhu, and Linfeng Sun Study on Mechanism of Simultaneous Backfilling Grouting for Shield Tunneling in Soft Soils 182 Zhiren Dai, Yun Bai, Fangle Peng, and Shaoming Liao Study on Shiziyang Tunnel Engineering Geology and Shield Tunneling 191 Xinan Yang, Yongqin Yao, Ying Zhang, and Peixu Ye VI Numerical Analysis of the Thermo-Hydromechancial Behaviour of Underground Storages in Hard Rock 198 Y. Jia, H. B. Bian, G. Duveau, and J. F. Shao Study on the Influence of Mix Proportioning on Cemented Mortar Engineering Properties for Tail Void Grouting of Shield Tunnel 206 Yuewang Han, Wei Zhu, Quanwei Liu, and Xiaochun Zhong Experimental Test on Communication Cable Tunnel Constructed by Shield Tunneling Method for Maintenance 218 Linxing Guan, Hiroshi Irie, Toru Shimada, and Atsushi Koizumi The Determination of Geometric Characteristics of Irregular Underground Bodies 224 Mehdi Zamani Stability Analysis of the Front Slope of Small-Distance Highway Tunnel with Very Large Section Based on 3D Monitoring 232 Dongwu Xie and Wenqi Ding Research on 3D Numerical Model of Segment Lining for Large-Section River-Crossing Shield Tunnel 243 An-long Jiang and Zhao Yang Upper Bound Solutions for the Face Stability of Shallow Circular Tunnels Subjected to Nonlinear Failure Criterion 251 Fu Huang and Xiao-Li Yang Analytical to the Issue of Spherical Cavities Expansion with the Non-Linear Mohr-Coulomb Failure Rule 257 Jinfeng Zou, Jian-Guo Peng, Jin-hua Zhang, Heng Lou, and Ai-jun An Study on Maintenance Technology of Shield Tunnel in Soft Ground.. 265 Yi Rui, Hehua Zhu, Mei Yin, and Xiaojun Li Seismic Response of Large Span Shallow Tunnels in Dilative Rocks 274 Xiao-Li Yang and Bo Huang Experimental Study on Anchoring Effect of Rock Bolts to Fractured Rock Mass 280 Wei-min Yang, Nuan-dong Wen, Shu-cai Li, and Xiao-jing Li Study on Evaluation Method of Fire Safety of Tunnel Lining Structure 288 Zhiguo Yan and Hehua Zhu Investigation into Artificial Ground Freezing Technique for a Cross Passage in Metro 294 Dayong Li and Hui Wang The Studies on Intelligent Construction Pre-Control of a Foundation Pit in Shanghai 300 Ming Wang, Youliang Chen, and Junhua Wu Analytical Study on the Control of Ground Subsidence Arising from the Phenomenon of Accompanied Settlement Using Foot Reinforcement Side Pile 307 Ying Cui, Kiyoshi Kishida, and Makoto Kimura vii 3D Numerical Simulation on the Failure Mechanism of Tunnel Working Face by Particle Flow Code 313 Chengbing Wang, Hehua Zhu, and Wensheng Gao The Application of F&EI Method in Risk Assessment of 'Rmnel Gas Explosion 320 Jifei Wang, Hongwei Huang, and Xiongyao Xie Analysis on Ground Deformation Caused by Tunnelling of Large-Diameter Tunnel Boring Machine 327 Zhiyong Yang, Hongwei Huang, and Dongmei Zhang The Technological Issues of Health Monitoring in Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel Operations 335 Haitao Dou, Hongwei Huang, Yadong Xue, and Qunfang Hu Safety Influenced by Combined Action of Sulphate and Chloride to Shallow Highway Tunnel 343 Rong-rong Yi and He-hua Zhu Numerical Simulation of EPB Tunnel Face Instability in Dry Sand by Discrete Element Method 355 Lvjun Tang, Renpeng Chen, Yunmin Chen, and Daosheng Ling An Improved Pseudo-Static Seismic Analysis for Underground Frame Structures 363 Huiling Zhao and Yong Yuan Indexes Author Index 371 Subject Index 373 viii Design and construction of reinforced steel chain wall Kepha Abongo1, Makoto Kimura 2, Akihiro Kitamura3 1Postgraduate student, Department of Urban and Environmental Eng., Kyoto University, Kyoto 615- 8520 Japan;[email protected] 2Professor, Innovative Collaboration Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520 Japan; [email protected] 3Engineer, Department of Reinforced Earth, Showa Kikai Shoji Co. Ltd., Suminoue-Ku ,Kitakagaya-l Chome-3-23, Osaka 559-0011, Japan; [email protected] ABSTRACT: This paper reports the result of insitu pullout test of chain reinforced wall constructed in mountainous region of Japan. The insitu test was performed for chain with and without end bearing plate anchor and horizontal bar. Test results revealed that the end bearing anchor greatly improved the pullout force of chain than the horizontal bar. The horizontal bar was found to be weak in tension and therefore did not greatly enhance the pullout force of chain. Comparison of the measured field values and the design values calculated from existing design methods yielded results that were in good agreement. INTRODUCTION Chain has been used as a reinforcement inclusion in the reinforcement of earthfill in Japan. Despite the fact that little is known about the mechanisms that generate pullout force of chain, field construction of reinforced wall using chain has already been done. Flexibility of chain that is its ability to be folded easing its transportation is one of the factors that have contributed in its use for fill slope reinforcement in recent times. It has been though that due to its flexibility, chain can follow the deformation of the soil around it incase of uncertainty such as a consolidation of the ground. Its ability to generate high frictional coefficient is another factor that has given rise to its use in the recent days. Comparative study on chains of different shapes and sizes with other reinforcement materials such as rounds bars and ribbed steel bars revealed that chain generates higher frictional resistance than these materials (Fukuda et al., 2007). In addition, separate studies reveled that pullout force of chain is dependent on the outer width of the chain (Kitamura et al., 2006). 1