Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 4897 EditedbyJ.G.CarbonellandJ.Siekmann Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science Matteo Baldoni Tran Cao Son M.BirnavanRiemsdijk MichaelWinikoff(Eds.) Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies V 5th International Workshop, DALT 2007 Honolulu, HI, USA, May 14, 2007 Revised Selected and Invited Papers 1 3 SeriesEditors JaimeG.Carbonell,CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JörgSiekmann,UniversityofSaarland,Saarbrücken,Germany VolumeEditors MatteoBaldoni UniversitàdiTorino,DipartimentodiInformatica ViaPessinetto12,10149Turin,Italy E-mail:[email protected] TranCaoSon NewMexicoStateUniversity,DepartmentofComputerScience P.O.Box30001,MSCCS,LasCruces,NM88003,USA E-mail:[email protected] M.BirnavanRiemsdijk Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,InstitutfürInformatik Oettingenstr.67,80538Munich,Germany E-mail:[email protected]fi.lmu.de MichaelWinikoff RMITUniversity,SchoolofComputerScienceandInformationTechnology GPOBox2476VMelbourne,Australia E-mail:[email protected] LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2007942738 CRSubjectClassification(1998):I.2.11,C.2.4,D.2.4,D.2,D.3,F.3.1 LNCSSublibrary:SL7–ArtificialIntelligence ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN-10 3-540-77563-3SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork ISBN-13 978-3-540-77563-8SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. SpringerisapartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia springer.com ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2008 PrintedinGermany Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN:12211814 06/3180 543210 Preface TheworkshoponDeclarativeAgentLanguagesandTechnologies(DALT),inits fifth edition this year, is a well-established forum for researchers interested in sharing their experiences in combining declarative and formal approaches with engineering and technology aspects of agents and multi-agent systems. DALT 2007 was held as a satellite workshop of AAMAS 2007, the 6th In- ternational Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, in May 2007 in Honolulu, Hawai’i. Following the success of DALT 2003 in Mel- bourne (LNAI 2990), DALT 2004 in New York (LNAI 3476), DALT 2005 in Utrecht (LNAI 3904),and DALT 2006in Hakodate (LNAI 4327),the workshop againprovidedadiscussionforumtoboth(a)supportthetransferofdeclarative paradigms and techniques to the broader community of agent researchers and practitioners, and (b) to bring the issue of designing complex agent systems to the attention of researchers working on declarative languages and technologies. TheaimoftheDALTworkshopistostimulateresearchonformalanddeclar- ative approaches both for developing the foundations of multi-agent systems as well as for all phases of engineering multi-agent systems, i.e., for specification and modeling, for implementation, and for verification. By providing a forum forthepresentationofideasaddressingbothoftheseaspects,DALT encourages theintegrationofformalanddeclarativetechniquesandmethodsthatarebased on solid theoretical foundations, in the engineering of multi-agent systems. As agents are increasingly endowed with mechanisms for behaving flexibly and autonomously in open and dynamic environments, it becomes more and moreimportantthat they are engineeredto ensure both adaptabilityand a cer- tain level of predictability. While providing a certain level of predictability is important for any software, it is especially important for multi-agent systems in which the agents areautonomous andadaptive.Formaland declarativetech- nologiesbothforspecificationandverificationaswellasforimplementationcan provide this required predictability. Ensuring a certain level of predictability is important for the adoption of multi-agent technology in practice, as users have to trust a multi-agent system to behave as required even though the agents are autonomous and adaptive. Anongoingchallengeforthe DALTcommunityisthe investigationofformal and declarative techniques for the specification and implementation of rational agents.Moreover,techniques for structuringa multi-agentsystemandforfacili- tating cooperationamong agents such as organizationalviews of agentsystems, norms, teams, coordination mechanisms, and argumentation and negotiation techniques are becoming increasingly important and are challenging for DALT. Further, there are several areas that have commonalities with multi-agent sys- tems and to which declarative agentlanguagesand technologies canbe applied, VI Preface such as the Semantic Web, service-orientedsystems, component-based systems, security, and electronic contracting. There is thus an ongoing and even increasing demand for formal and declar- ativeapproachesforthedevelopmentofmulti-agentsystems.Inthis volume,we report on the latest results in this area. The volume contains the 11 contributed articles that were selected by the Programme Committee for presentation at the workshop, divided into four sec- tions, as well as two invited articles, originally presented as short papers at AAMAS 2007, that have been extended by their authors. The four sections fo- cus on modeling (one paper), goals (three papers), foundational concepts (four papers),andcommunication (three papers).Ofthe twoinvitedarticles,the first “Joint Conversation Specification and Compliance” is by S. Paurobally and M. Wooldridge,whilethesecond“InteroperationinProtocolEnactment”isbyA.K. Chopra and M. P. Singh. The volume also includes the article “Agent-Oriented Modelling: Declarative or Procedural?” by Leon Sterling. Professor Sterling, from the University of Melbourne, was the invited speaker for this edition of DALT. We would like to thank all authors for their contributions, the members of the DALT Steering Committee for their precious suggestions and support, and the members of the Programme Committee for their excellent work during the reviewing phase. November 2007 Matteo Baldoni Tran Cao Son M. Birna van Riemsdijk Michael Winikoff Organization Workshop Organizers Matteo Baldoni University of Turin, Italy Tran Cao Son New Mexico State University, USA M. Birna van Riemsdijk Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨tMu¨nchen, Germany, Michael Winikoff RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia Programme Committee Marco Alberti University of Ferrara, Italy Natasha Alechina University of Nottingham, UK Grigoris Antoniou University of Crete, Greece Matteo Baldoni University of Turin, Italy Cristina Baroglio University of Turin, Italy Rafael Bordini University of Durham, UK Keith Clark Imperial College London, UK Ulle Endriss University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Benjamin Hirsch Technical University Berlin, Germany Shinichi Honiden National Institute of Informatics, Japan John Lloyd Australian National University, Australia Viviana Mascardi University of Genova, Italy John-Jules Ch. Meyer Utrecht University, Netherlands Enrico Pontelli New Mexico State University, USA M. Birna van Riemsdijk Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨atMu¨nchen, Germany, Munindar P. Singh North Carolina State University, USA Tran Cao Son New Mexico State University, USA Chiaki Sakama Wakayama University, Japan Wamberto Vasconcelos University of Aberdeen, UK Christopher Walton University of Edinburgh, UK Mirko Viroli University of Bologna, Italy Michael Winikoff RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia Additional Reviewers Martin Caminada Berndt Farwer Sebastian Sardina Nirmit Desai Yasuyuki Tahara VIII Organization Steering Committee Joa˜o Leite New University of Lisbon, Portugal Andrea Omicini University of Bologna-Cesena,Italy Leon Sterling University of Melbourne, Australia Paolo Torroni University of Bologna, Italy Pınar Yolum Bogazici University, Turkey Sponsoring Institutions Matteo Baldoni has partially been funded by the EuropeanCommissionand by the Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science within the 6th Framework ProgrammeprojectREWERSE number 506779(cf. http://rewerse.net),andhe hasalsobeensupportedbytheMIURPRIN2005“Specificationandverification of agent interaction protocols” national project. M. Birna van Riemsdijk has been supported by the EU project SENSORIA (IST-2005-016004),which is part of the 6th Framework Programme. Table of Contents Invited Talk Agent-Oriented Modelling: Declarative or Procedural? ................ 1 Leon Sterling Invited Papers Joint ConversationSpecification and Compliance..................... 18 Shamimabi Paurobally and Michael Wooldridge Interoperation in Protocol Enactment .............................. 36 Amit K. Chopra and Munindar P. Singh Contributed Papers: Modeling Integrating Agent Models and Dynamical Systems ................... 50 Tibor Bosse, Alexei Sharpanskykh, and Jan Treur Contributed Papers: Goals Composing High-Level Plans for Declarative Agent Programming ...... 69 Felipe Meneguzzi and Michael Luck Satisfying Maintenance Goals...................................... 86 Koen V. Hindriks and M. Birna van Riemsdijk Towards Alternative Approaches to Reasoning About Goals ........... 104 Patricia H. Shaw and Rafael H. Bordini Contributed Papers: Foundational Concepts Reflections on Agent Beliefs ....................................... 122 John W. Lloyd and Kee Siong Ng Modeling Agents’ Choices in Temporal Linear Logic.................. 140 Duc Quang Pham, James Harland, and Michael Winikoff Conflict Resolution in Norm-Regulated Environments Via Unification and Constraints.................................................. 158 Martin J. Kollingbaum, Wamberto Vasconcelos, Andres Garc´ıa-Camino, and Timothy J. Norman X Table of Contents On the Complexity Monotonicity Thesis for Environment, Behaviour and Cognition ................................................... 175 Tibor Bosse, Alexei Sharpanskykh, and Jan Treur Contributed Papers: Communication Structured Argumentation in a Mediator for Online Dispute Resolution ...................................................... 193 Ioan Alfred Letia and Adrian Groza Extending Propositional Logic with Concrete Domains for Multi-issue Bilateral Negotiation ............................................. 211 Azzurra Ragone, Tommaso Di Noia, Eugenio Di Sciascio, and Francesco M. Donini Component-Based Standardisation of Agent Communication .......... 227 Frank Guerin and Wamberto Vasconcelos Author Index.................................................. 245