1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 DECISION MAKING IN ANESTHESIOLOGY: AN ALGORITHMIC APPROACH, FOURTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-03938-3 Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804, fax: (+1) 215 239 3805, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com) by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’. Notice Neither the Publisher nor the Authors assume any responsibility for any loss or injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book. It is the responsibility of the treating practitioner, relying on independent expertise and knowledge of the patient, to determine the best treatment and method of application for the patient. The Publisher Previous editions copyrighted 1987, 1992, 2007 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Decision making in anesthesiology : an algorithmic approach / [edited by] Lois L. Bready, Susan H. Noorily, Dawn Dillman. — 4th ed. p. ; cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-323-03938-3 1. Anesthesia—Decision making. 2. Algorithms. I. Bready, Lois L. II. Noorily, Susan H. (Susan Helene) III. Dillman, Dawn. [DNLM: 1. Anesthesia—methods. 2. Decision Trees. 3. Perioperative Case—methods. WO 200 D294 2007] RD82.D43 2007 617.9’6–dc22 2007018660 Acquisitions Editor: Natasha Andjelkovic Editorial Assistant: Isabel Trudeau Project Manager: David Salzberg Design Direction: Ellen Zanolle Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTRIBUTORS Stacey Allen, MD Daniel Martin Bitner, MD, MS Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology University of Texas Health Sciences Center University of Texas Health Sciences Center in San Antonio, in San Antonio San Antonio, Texas San Antonio, Texas D.M. Anderson, MD Mary Blanchette, MD Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative University of Texas Health Sciences Center Medicine in San Antonio Oregon Health Sciences University San Antonio, Texas Portland, Oregon Franklin L. Anderson, MD Erik A. Boatman, MD Department of Anesthesiology San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education University of Texas Health Sciences Center Consortium in San Antonio San Antonio, Texas San Antonio, Texas Gwendolyn L. Boyd, MD J. Jeff Andrews, MD Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology University of Alabama at Birmingham School University of Texas Health Sciences Center of Medicine in San Antonio Birmingham, Alabama San Antonio, Texas Christopher A. Bracken, MD, PhD William P. Arnold III, MD Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesia University of Texas Health Sciences Center University of Virginia in San Antonio Charlottesville, Virginia San Antonio, Texas Patrick Bakke, MD Carol R. Bradford, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Department of Otolaryngology Oregon Health Sciences University University of Michigan Medical Center Portland, Oregon Ann Arbor, Michigan Joanne Baust, MD Kevin M. Brady, MD Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care University of Texas Health Sciences Center Medicine in San Antonio The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions San Antonio, Texas Baltimore, Maryland Jonathan L. Benumof, MD Ansgar M. Brambrink, MD, PhD Department of Anesthesia Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative University of California at San Diego Medicine San Diego, California Oregon Health Sciences University Portland, Oregon Lauren Berkow, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Darin Brandt, DO Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Oregon Health Sciences University Baltimore, Maryland Portland, Oregon Arnold J. Berry, MD, MPH Lois L. Bready, MD Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology Emory University School of Medicine University of Texas Health Sciences Center Atlanta, Georgia in San Antonio San Antonio, Texas iii iv CONTRIBUTORS Russell C. Brockwell, MD John A. Dilger, MD Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Mayo Clinic Birmingham, Alabama Rochester, Maryland David M. Broussard, MD Dawn Dillman, MD Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Ochsner Clinical Foundation Oregon Health Sciences University New Orleans, Louisiana Portland, Oregon Allan C.D. Brown, MD Stephen Donahue, MD Department of Anesthesiology Anesthesiologists for Children University of Michigan Medical Center Dallas, Texas Ann Arbor, Michigan Nivine H. Doran, MD Carol E. Campbell, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Department of Anesthesiology Medicine University of Texas Health Sciences Center University of New Mexico in San Antonio Albuquerque, New Mexico San Antonio, Texas M. Joanne Douglas, MD A. Sue Carlisle, MD, PhD Department of Anesthesia University of British Columbia Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada University of California San Francisco and San Francisco General Hospital George A. Dumitrascu, MD San Francisco, California Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Bonny Carter, MD Lynn A. Fenton, MD Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University of Texas Health Sciences Center Oregon Health Sciences University in San Antonio Portland, Oregon San Antonio, Texas Juergen Fleisch, MD Lydia Cassorla, MD, MBA Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care Oregon Health Sciences University University of California San Francisco Portland, Oregon San Francisco, California Judith A. Freeman, MD, CHB Harold D. Cline, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Department of Anesthesiology Oregon Health Sciences University University of Maryland Medical Center Portland, Oregon Baltimore, Maryland Thomas Frietsch, MD Corey Collins, DO Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Medford, Massachusetts Oregon Health Sciences University Portland, Oregon Sally Combest, MD Department of Anesthesiology William R. Furman, MD University of Texas Health Sciences Center Department of Anesthesiology in San Antonio University of North Carolina San Antonio, Texas Chapel Hill, North Carolina Saundra E. Curry, MD Susan Garwood, MD, ChB, BSc, FRCA Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology Columbia University College of Physicians and Yale School of Medicine Surgeons Yale-New Haven Hospital New York, New York New Haven, Connecticut Myrdalis Diaz-Ramirez, MD Ethan Gaumond, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Oregon Health Sciences University Oregon Health Sciences University Portland, Oregon Portland, Oregon CONTRIBUTORS v Kevin B. Gerold, DO, JD Vivian Hou, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Medicine Oregon Health Sciences University The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Portland, Oregon Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Baltimore, Maryland Michael P. Hutchens, MD, MA Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine James D. Griffin, MD Oregon Health Sciences University Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management Portland, Oregon University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Per-Olof Jarnberg, MD, PhD Dallas, Texas Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Oregon Health Sciences University Mary Ann Gurkowski, MD Portland, Oregon Department of Anesthesiology University of Texas Health Sciences Center Wendy B. Kang, MD, JD in San Antonio Department of Anesthesiology San Antonio, Texas University of Texas Health Sciences Center in San Antonio San Antonio, Texas Charles B. Hantler, MD Department of Anesthesiology Suzanne B. Karan, MD Washington University Department of Anesthesiology St. Louis, Missouri University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Jinny Kim Hartman, MD Rochester, New York Department of Anesthesiology Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Celia I. Kaye, MD, PhD Lebanon, New Hampshire Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Joy L. Hawkins, MD Denver, Colorado Department of Anesthesia University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Angela Kendrick, MD Denver, Colorado Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Oregon Health Sciences University Eugenie Heitmiller, MD Portland, Oregon Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Jeffrey R. Kirsch, MD The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Oregon Health Sciences University Portland, Oregon Antonio Hernandez, MD Department of Anesthesiology Kevin K. Klein, MD University of Texas Health Sciences Center Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management in San Antonio University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at San Antonio, Texas Dallas Dallas, Texas Rosemary Hickey, MD Department of Anesthesiology Ines P. Koerner, MD University of Texas Health Sciences Center Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative in San Antonio Medicine San Antonio, Texas Oregon Health Sciences University Portland, Oregon Joseph R. Holahan, MD South Texas Oncology and Hematology PA Hector LaCassie, MD San Antonio, Texas Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Health System W. Corbett Holmgreen, MD, DDS Durham, North Carolina Department of Anesthesiology University of Texas Health Sciences Center Kirk Lalwani, MD in San Antonio Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine San Antonio, Texas Oregon Health Sciences University Portland, Oregon vi CONTRIBUTORS Marilyn Green Larach, MD, FAAP Kimberly D. Milhoan, MD Owing Mills, Maryland Department of Anesthesiology University of Texas Health Sciences Center in San Antonio Catherine K. Lineberger, MD San Antonio, Texas Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Health System Tobias Moeller-Bertram, MD Durham, North Carolina Department of Anesthesiology University of California at San Diego John J. Liszka-Hackzell, MD, PhD San Diego, California Department of Anesthesiology University of Arizona College of Medicine Joseph J. Naples, MD Tucson, Arizona Department of Anesthesiology The Methodist Hospital Robert Loeb, MD Houston, Texas Department of Anesthesiology University of Arizona College of Medicine David V. Nelson, PhD Tucson, Arizona Department of Psychology and Philosophy Sam Houston State University Gaelan B. Luhn, MD Huntsville, Texas Department of Anesthesiology University of Texas Health Sciences Center Christopher D. Newell, MD in San Antonio Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine San Antonio, Texas Oregon Health Sciences University Colin F. Mackenzie, MD, ChB, FCCM Portland, Oregon Department of Anesthesiology Victor Ng, MD University of Maryland Medical Center Baltimore, Maryland Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care University of California San Francisco T. Philip Malan, Jr., MD, PhD San Francisco, California Department of Anesthesiology University of Arizona College of Medicine Dolores B. Njoku, MD Tucson, Arizona Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Vinod Malhotra, MD Baltimore, Maryland Department of Anesthesiology Weill Medical College of Cornell University Susan H. Noorily, MD New York, New York Department of Anesthesiology University of Texas Health Sciences Center David C. Mayer, MD in San Antonio Department of Anesthesiology San Antonio, Texas University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina J. Russell Norton, MD Department of Anesthesiology Kathryn E. McGoldrick, MD University of Rochester School of Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology Dentistry New York Medical College Rochester, New York Valhalla, New York Steven C. Onstad Katherine R. McGuire, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Department of Anesthesiology Oregon Health Sciences University University of Texas Health Sciences Center in San Antonio Portland, Oregon San Antonio, Texas William T. Merritt, MD, MBA James C. Opton, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Oregon Health Sciences University Baltimore, Maryland Portland, Oregon Sara M. Metcalf, MD Malcolm D. Orr, MD, PhD Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Department of Anesthesiology Oregon Health Sciences University University of Texas Health Sciences Center in San Antonio Portland, Oregon San Antonio, Texas CONTRIBUTORS vii Robert H. Overbaugh, MD Marco S. Robin, DO Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Oregon Health Sciences University Hershey, Pennsylvania Portland, Oregon Fred G. Panico, MD Stephen T. Robinson, MD Seaford, Delaware Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Oregon Health Sciences University Cathleen L. Peterson-Layne, MD, PhD Portland, Oregon Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Health System James N. Rogers, MD Durham, North Carolina Department of Anesthesiology University of Texas Health Sciences Center Michael G. Phillips, BHS, PA-C in San Antonio University of Alabama at Birmingham San Antonio, Texas School of Medicine Birmingham, Alabama Mark A. Rosen, MD Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care Jorge Pineda, MD University of California San Francisco Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative San Francisco, California Medicine Oregon Health Sciences University Renata Rusa, MD Portland, Oregon Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Oregon Health Sciences University Anthony S. Poon, MD, DDS, PhD Portland, Oregon Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Texas Health Sciences Center Andrew S. Rushton, MD in San Antonio Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative San Antonio, Texas Medicine Oregon Health Sciences University Marcelo Quezado, MD Portland, Oregon Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Susan M. Ryan, MD The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care Baltimore, Maryland University of California San Francisco Rajam S. Ramamurthy, MD San Francisco, California Department of Anesthesiology Lauren L. Salgado, MD University of Texas Health Sciences Center Department of Anesthesiology in San Antonio University of Texas Health Sciences Center in San Antonio San Antonio, Texas San Antonio, Texas Somayaji Ramamurthy, MD Jamie McElrath Schwartz, MD Department of Anesthesiology University of Texas Health Sciences Center Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine in San Antonio The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions San Antonio, Texas Baltimore, Maryland Deborah K. Rasch, MD Jaydeep S. Shah, MD Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology University of Texas Health Sciences Center University of Texas Health Sciences Center in San Antonio in San Antonio San Antonio, Texas San Antonio, Texas Jeffrey M. Richman, MD David I. Shapiro, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Department of Anesthesiology The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Erie County Medical Center Baltimore, Maryland Buffalo, New York Kerri M. Robertson, MD Aarti Sharma, MD Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Health System Weill Medical College of Cornell University Durham, North Carolina New York, New York viii CONTRIBUTORS Nicholas R. Simmons, MD Michael Verber, MD Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology Washington University University of Texas Health Sciences Center St. Louis, Missouri in San Antonio San Antonio, Texas Gary D. Skrivanek, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management Jennifer F. Vookles, MD University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Dallas Medicine Dallas, Texas Oregon Health Sciences University Portland, Oregon Tod B. Sloan, MD, PhD Department of Anesthesiology David B. Waisel, MD University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Department of Anesthesiology Denver, Colorado Boston Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Fred J. Spielman, MD Department of Anesthesiology Tessa L. Walters, MD University of North Carolina Burlingame, California Chapel Hill, North Carolina Denham S. Ward, MD, PhD Louis A. Stool, MD Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management University of Rochester School of Medicine and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dentistry Dallas Rochester, New York Dallas, Texas Leila G. Welborn, MD Vijayendra Sudheendra, MD Department of Anesthesiology Department of Surgery Children’s National Medical Center Brown University Washington, DC Providence, Rhode Isaland Gary Welch, MD Melba W.G. Swafford, MD Mico, Texas Department of Anesthesiology Baylor College of Medicine Lynda T. Wells, MD Houston, Texas Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Health System Veronica C. Swanson, MD Charlottesville, Virginia Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Oregon Health Sciences University James R. Zaidan, MD, MBA Portland, Oregon Department of Anesthesiology Emory University School of Medicine Jeffrey E. Terrell, MD Atlanta, Georgia Department of Anesthesiology University of Michigan Medical Center Angela Zimmerman, MD Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine John E. Tetzlaff, MD Oregon Health Sciences University Division of Anesthesiology Portland, Oregon Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Marcos A. Zuazu, MD Department of Anesthesiology Mohamed Tiouririne, MD University of Texas Health Sciences Center Department of Anesthesiology in San Antonio University of Virginia Health System San Antonio, Texas Charlottesville, Virginia Irena Vaitkeviciute, MD Department of Anesthesiology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut