De Gaulle and Twentieth-Century France De Gaulle and Twentieth-Century France Edited by Hugh Gough and John Home Edward Arnold A member of the Hodder Headline Group LONDON NEW YORK MELBOURNE AUCKLAND © 1994 selection and editorial matter John Home and Hugh Gough First published in Great Britain 1994 Distributed in the USA by Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc. 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Available on request ISBN 0-340-58826-8 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanically, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without either prior permission in writing from the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying. In the United Kingdom such licences are issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency: 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE. Origination by GreenGate Publishing Services, Tonbridge, Kent Printed and bound in Great Britain for Edward Arnold, a division of Hodder Headline pic, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH, by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn Contents Preface vii Editors' Note ix Notes on the Contributors xi List of Abbreviations xv Chronology xix Introduction 1 Hugh Gough and John Home 1 Two Destinies: Pétain and De Gaulle 9 René Rémond 2 De Gaulle and the Resistance, 1940-1944 19 François Bédarida 3 De Gaulle in Waiting, 1946-1958 35 Jean-Pierre Rioux 4 The Writing of Action in de Gaulle's War Memoirs 51 Robert Pickering 5 De Gaulle and the Algerian Crisis, 1958-1962 71 Michel Winock 6 De Gaulle and France's Role in the World 83 Douglas Johnson vi De Gaulle and Twentieth-Century France 7 De Gaulle as Politician and Christian 95 Jean-Marie Mayeur 8 De Gaulle and Gaullism in the Fifth Republic 109 Serge Berstein 9 De Gaulle and May 1968 125 Julian Jackson Select Bibliography 147 Index 151 Preface This book is made up of the papers presented at a conference held in the Alli­ ance Française in Dublin, in November 1990, to mark the centenary of the birth of Charles de Gaulle. The conference was organized by the Alliance Française de Dublin, the Department of Modem History of Trinity College Dublin and the Department of Modem History of University College Dublin. The conference itself would never have come about without the en­ thusiastic support of the then délégué général of the Alliance Française, Monsieur Rémy Durand, who provided much of the necessary financial and organizational assistance. We are grateful to him, and to the generous help provided by his successor. Monsieur Michel Carrière. Brigitte Lemoine, also of the Alliance Française, provided us with constant support throughout. The translations of the French texts were carried out by Ms Cathérine Burke and by Dr Darach Sanfey. Financial assistance towards publication was provided by the Alliance Française, the Department of Modem History of Trinity College Dublin, and the Academic Publications Committee of University College Dublin. We would like to express our thanks to them all, and not least to our contributors, for making this publication possible. Finally, we would like to thank Christopher Wheeler and the editorial team at Edward Arnold for their encourage­ ment and help. Hugh Gough (University College Dublin) John Home (Trinity College Dublin) Editors’ Note As this book is intended for a general readership and for student use, all French quotations have been translated into English except for certain footnotes in the contributions of Douglas Johnson and Robert Pickering, where the original French version was essential to the meaning of the text. Footnote references to French books refer to the English translation where one is available, but the date of the original French version is also given in the brackets which follow the title. This will enable readers to trace the French version where required.