About This eBook ePUB is an open, industry-standard format for eBooks. However, support of ePUB and its many features varies across reading devices and applications. Use your device or app settings to customize the presentation to your liking. Settings that you can customize often include font, font size, single or double column, landscape or portrait mode, and figures that you can click or tap to enlarge. For additional information about the settings and features on your reading device or app, visit the device manufacturer’s Web site. Many titles include programming code or configuration examples. To optimize the presentation of these elements, view the eBook in single-column, landscape mode and adjust the font size to the smallest setting. In addition to presenting code and configurations in the reflowable text format, we have included images of the code that mimic the presentation found in the print book; therefore, where the reflowable format may compromise the presentation of the code listing, you will see a “Click here to view code image” link. Click the link to view the print-fidelity code image. To return to the previous page viewed, click the Back button on your device or app. Data Center Virtualization Fundamentals Gustavo Alessandro Andrade Santana, CCIE No. 8806 Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 Data Center Virtualization Fundamentals Copyright © 2014 Cisco Systems, Inc. Published by: Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Library of Congress Control Number: 2013940880 Printed in the United States of America First Printing June 2013 ISBN-13: 978-1-58714-324-3 ISBN-10: 1-58714-324-0 Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about data center technologies. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information is provided on an “as is” basis. 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All other trademarks mentioned in this document or website are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (0812R) About the Author Gustavo A. A. Santana, CCIE No. 8806, is a Cisco Technical Solutions Architect working in enterprise and service provider data center projects that require a greater integration among multiple technology areas such as networking, application optimization, storage, and servers. With more than 15 years of experience in the data center industry, Gustavo has led and coordinated a team of specialized Cisco engineers in Brazil. A true believer of education as a technology catalyst, he has also dedicated himself to the technical development of many IT professionals from customer, partner, and strategic alliance organizations. In addition to holding two CCIE certifications (Routing & Switching and Storage Networking), Gustavo is also a VMware Certified Professional (VCP) and an SNIA Certified Storage Networking Expert (SCSN-E). A frequent speaker at Cisco and data center industry events, he holds a degree in computer engineering from Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA-Brazil) and an MBA in strategic IT management from Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV-Brazil). Gustavo maintains a personal blog in which he discusses topics related to data center virtualization technologies at http://gustavoaasantana.net. About the Technical Reviewers Maurilio Gorito, CCIE, is the certification manager at Riverbed Technology Institute, leading Riverbed Technology’s Certification Program. Previously, he managed the Cisco CCIE Routing and Switching certification program, and he is a triple Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE). Maurilio has 25 years of experience in the IT field and more than 20 years of combined experience in education, testing, and assessment. Maurilio has written a book, written articles, and reviewed several technical books for Cisco Press. Maurilio holds bachelor’s degrees in education, pedagogy, and mathematics from Centro Universitario Geraldo Di Biasi, Brazil. Maurilio is currently serving on the board of directors at Performance Testing Council (PTC). Krishna Arji is a senior manager at Cisco. In this role, he is responsible for the development of technology that enables the delivery of Cisco services. Krishna has held various positions in the Cisco Services Technology Group at Cisco. His current assignment is to enable delivery for the Cisco BYOD service offerings. In the past, he played a key role in evaluating and developing technologies required for the delivery of cloud planning, design, and implementation services. Under his leadership, his team developed several technologies to perform routing, switching, data center, security, and WLAN assessments of customers’ infrastructures. His areas of expertise include networking, software design and development, and data center technologies such as virtualization. Krishna holds a bachelor’s degree in electronics and communications engineering, and he has a master’s degree in enterprise software technologies. He is currently enrolled in an MBA program at Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley. He has a patent pending with USPTO for Automated Assessments of Storage Area Networks (Serial No. 13/115, 141). Dedications This book is dedicated to my wife and true love, Carlene, whose sacrifice and unconditional support were crucial to this endeavor, and to my lovely daughter, Carolina, whose one-year-old curiosity constantly inspired me to go one step further. I also dedicate this book to my parents, Honorio and Cleia, who have taught me that one can only learn by being fearless and humble. Finally, this book is also dedicated to every person who has devoted efforts to the rewarding experience of teaching someone. Acknowledgments The process of creating a book can be aptly defined as a “sponsored solitude.” Certainly, the uncountable lonely writing hours would be fruitless without the support of an entire network of relatives, friends, and professionals who are acknowledged here. First, I would like to thank my sister Raquel and brother André for the family support during this book writing. I would also like to express my gratitude to my friend and trusted advisor Alexandre M. S. P. Moraes, who has shared invaluable opinions and insights since the very early stages of this book. Many thanks to Andrey Lee for the wonderful illustrations in Chapters 1 and 17. Sincere thanks to Paulo Quinta, Fernanda Spinardi, and Marcelo Ehalt for helping me coordinate my professional life and this writing. My thanks to the technical reviewers Maurilio Gorito and Krishna Arji for their active contributions and focus to make this work more effective for its targeted readership. A personal thanks to the Brazilian data center tiger team, which has always served as my favorite “think tank” for best practices and the exchange of experiences. I would also like to thank two very talented instructors from Firefly: Dan Murray and Fabricio Grimaldi. I am also very grateful to the people who have contributed with the equipment used in this publication: Shane Hudson and Bilal El-Ayi (from GoldLabs), Ohad Richberg (and his amazing CPOC Israel team), François Tallet and Mark Allen (from the Cisco Enterprise Core Business Unit), and Hugo Marques. Thanks to all the Pearson production team, especially Ellie Bru and Seth Kerney, who helped me to create the final version of this book. A special thank-you goes to Mary Beth Ray and Anand Sundaram for supporting the idea of a data center book with a different approach.