Samia Amin and Markus Goldstein , Editors L A A t T s R n S A i U a R D g a T E A T N S A S I D ESTABLISHING EFFECTIVE SYSTEMS FOR RELIEF, RECOVERY, AND RECONSTRUCTION Data Against Natural Disasters Data Against Natural Disasters Establishing Effective Systems for Relief, Recovery, and Reconstruction EDITED BY Samia Amin Markus Goldstein Washington, DC © 2008 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 11 10 09 08 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. 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All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: [email protected]. ISBN: 978-0-8213-7452-8 eISBN: 978-0-8213-7453-5 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7452-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Data against natural disasters : establishing effective systems for relief, recovery and recon- struction / [editors Samia Amin, Markus Goldstein]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8213-7452-8 — ISBN 978-0-8213-7453-5 (electronic) 1. Disaster relief—Developing countries—Case studies. 2. Information storage and retrieval systems—Natural disasters—Case studies. 3. Emergency management—Developing countries—Case studies. I. Amin, Samia, 1980, II. Goldstein, Markus P., 1970. HV555.D44D38 2008 363.34’80684—dc22 2007051395 Cover design by: Serif Design Group, Inc. Information is not knowledge. Albert Einstein Contents Foreword xi Acknowledgments xiii Contributors xv Abbreviations xix Part One Introduction 1 1 Using Data Against Disasters: Overview and Synthesis of Lessons Learned 1 Samia Amin, Marcus Cox, and Markus Goldstein 2 Information Gaps in Relief, Recovery, and Reconstruction in the Aftermath of Natural Disasters 23 Claude de Ville de Goyet 3 United Nations’ Efforts to Strengthen Information Management for Disaster Preparedness and Response 59 Brendan McDonald and Patrick Gordon vii viii CONTENTS Part Two Case Studies 83 4 The Use of a Logistics Support System in Guatemala and Haiti 83 Claude de Ville de Goyet 5 World Bank: Tracking Reconstruction Funds in Indonesia after the 2004 Earthquake and Tsunami 143 Jock McKeon 6 The Flow of Information during Disaster Response: The Case of the Mozambique Floods, 2007 185 Marcin Sasin 7 Data Management Systems after the Earthquake in Pakistan: The Lessons of Risepak 233 Samia Amin 8 Ex Ante Preparedness for Disaster Management: Sahana in Sri Lanka 273 M. A. L. R. Perera Index 299 Box 3.1 The Cluster Approach 62 Figures 2.1 Disaster Losses in the Richest and Poorest Nations, 1985–99 24 2.2 The Phases of Disaster 28 2.3 The Overlapping Phases in Recent Major Disasters 29 4.1 The Hierarchical Structure of SUMA 94 4.2 The Nonhierarchical Structure of the LSS 95 4.3 The Distribution of Funding by Source, in Haiti, 2004–07 102 4.4 The National Risk and Disaster Management System 104 4.5 Shares of Donor Funding, in Guatemala, by Donor 122 5.1 Damage and Loss Assessment 145 5.2 Funding Allocations by Contributor Type 147 CONTENTS ix 5.3 Timeline: Post-Tsunami Events and the Output of the Financial Tracking System 150 5.4 Overview of the Financial Tracking System 152 5.5 BRR Project Planning, Approval, and Implementation Processes 163 5.6 Funding Flows across Actors in Reconstruction 164 5.7 Examples of Key Outputs 168 5.8 Creating Damage and Loss Assessments for Reconstruction Planning 178 5.9 Funding Flows Required for Data Analysis 180 6.1 Water Flows at Cahora Bassa Dam, 2001 and 2007 207 7.1 Reconstruction Costs by Sector, Estimates, November 2005 234 Tables 1.1 The Phases of Disaster 3 2.1 Distribution of Natural Disasters by Origin, 1970–2005 25 2.2 Disasters Receiving over 10 Percent of Annual International Humanitarian Funding 27 2.3 Relief Activities Following an Earthquake 35 2.4 Selected Indicators of Recovery and Reconstruction, by Area of Recovery 49 3.1 Minimum Common Operational Data Sets 75 3.2 Optional Common Operational Data Sets 75 4.1 Approximate Cost of SUMA in the Americas 85 4.2 Main Steps in the Development of the LSS 87 4.3 The Implementation of SUMA in the Aftermath of Disasters 89 4.4 The Implementation of the LSS in the Aftermath of Disasters 90 4.5 Human Development Indicators for Angola, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti 98 4.6 Good Governance Indicators for Angola, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti 99 4.7 Summary of Losses Caused by Natural Disasters, in Haiti, 2003–07 100 4.8 Humanitarian Funding for Haiti, 2004–07 103 4.9 The Distribution of Roles among Partners, Flash Appeal 2004 107