DANISH DICTIONARY This page intentionally left blank DANISH DICTIONARY English-Danish Danish-English Edited by Anna Garde. Additional material by W. Glyn Jones London and New York First published 1991 by G . E . C Gads Forlag, Copenhagen Republished 1995 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10016 Transferred to Digital Printing 2006 © G· E· C Gads Forlag, Copenhagen, 1991 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Danish dictionary: English-Danish, Danish-English / edited by Anna Garde; additional material by W. Glyn Jones. p. cm. ISBN 0-415-10803-9 1. Danish language-Dictionaries-English. 2. English language Dictionaries-Danish. 1. Garde, Anna. II. Jones, W. Glyn. PD3640.D36 1994 439.8'1321-dc20 93-40631 CIP Publisher's Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent CONTENTS A guide to Danish pronunciation ......................................... vii Notes on Danish nouns and verbs ........................................ xii Abbreviations ................................................................. xxiv ENGLISH-DANISH DICTIONARy...................................... 1-354 DANISH-ENGLISH DICTIONARy.................................. 355-684 v This page intentionally left blank A GUIDE TO DANISH PRONUNCIATION STRESS The stress will normally fall on the first syllable of a Danish word, with a secondary stress on the first syllable of each element in a compound: hoved - hovedbanegard This rule does not, however, apply to certain prefixes, which are not stressed, e.g. be-, er-: betale; erhverv. Not does it apply to foreign loan words, where the stress tends to follow the pattern of the original: restaurant; museum; bibliotek. LENGTH All vowels can be both long and short, and their quality is usually apparent from the orthography. A vowel followed by a single consonant and a further vowel will be long; one followed by a double consonant will be short: Short vowel Long vowel glad glade hau hane du dukke dyster dyne dod dode In addition, the sole vowel in many monosyllables will be long: hus; is; tur; dyb. It should be noted that the immediate proximity of the letter -r will affect the quality of certain vowels. vii viii A Guide to Danish Pronunciation ST0D The stf,d, or glottal stop, can occur virtually anywhere in Danish words. The written language gives no indication of whether there is a stod or not, and the dictionary makes no attempt to show it. VOWELS Letter Quality Description Examples a short as in northern English 'man' mand, kat long more open, as in 'mare' bane,hane with -r- as in 'park' bare, k1ar e short half way between English 'men' and 'pin', 'slid' pen,ven long rather like the English ai in 'pain', but slightly more closed mene, sten as final, rather like the final -er in unstressed 'mother' gore, smukke with -r- slightly more open ren, rest de in the plural article/pronoun de, the -e is pronounced as the English -ee in 'bee' short similar to short -e- ind, ingen long as in English 'tea' or 'bee' piue, mine with -r- little change ride, rive 0 short as in English 'moth' som, nok long as in northern English 'coal' god, love with -r- little change rolig, mor u short as in northern English 'but' mut, kutter long as in English 'boot' dU,hus with -r- little change krut, rude y short with lips formed to say 0, try to sayee. Compare French eu Iykke, stykke long with lips formed to say u, try to sayee. Compare German miide. dyb,lyder with -r- little change rydde, dyr short similar to English 'best' trenke, brenk long similar but longer prene, glrede A Guide to Danish Pronunciation ix with -r little change prere,lrere short as short y above dad, blad long similar but longer dade, blade with -r slightly more open rad, tar short as in English often m~itte, blat long as in English saw ma, bla with -r- little change rabe, rade DIPHTHONGS Single Danish vowels do not show the tendency towards diphthongization that is found in English. There are, however, diphthongs in Danish, though the following letter combinations do not always form diphthongs, e.g. the -ag- in dag does not, whereas in dagJig, it does. -aj- as English 'my' bajer, hajer af- diphthongized as prefix only; as English 'how' afgang, afsked -ag- as English 'how' dagJig, fagbog -av- as English 'how' tavs, navn, rav but not always diphthongized lav, brav -au- as English 'how' pause -eg- as English 'my' meget, bleg, jeg sometimes not diphthongized eg, steget -ej- as English 'my' nej, sejle -ek- pronounced as English 'my' in seksten, but otherwise not diphthongized -ig- as in English 'my' mig, sig this combination is not always a diphthong sige, vige, Jig -og- rather like the English 'below' og,dog -ov- as-og-, above sove, over -ag- as English 'boy' dagn, mag, lag this combination is not always a diphthong Kage, sage -aj- as -ag-, above skajte, taj, hajre, staj CONSONANTS Danish consonants are 'lighter', less aspirated, than their English