CYBERSECURITY The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series A complete list of the titles in this series appears at the back of this book. CYBERSECURITY DUANE C. WILSON The MIT Press | Cambridge, Massachusetts | London, England © 2021 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. The MIT Press would like to thank the anonymous peer reviewers who provided comments on drafts of this book. The generous work of academic experts is essential for establishing the authority and quality of our publications. We acknowledge with gratitude the contributions of these otherwise uncredited readers. This book was set in Chaparral Pro by New Best-set Typesetters Ltd. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Wilson, Duane, author. Title: Cyber security / Duane Wilson. Description: Cambridge, Massachusetts : The MIT Press, [2021] | Series: The MIT Press essential knowledge series | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020033978 | ISBN 9780262542548 (paperback) Subjects: LCSH: Computer security. | Internet—Security measures. | Computer networks—Security measures. | Data protection. Classification: LCC QA76.9.A25 W554 2021 | DDC 005.8—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020033978 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Series Foreword vii 1 Cybersecurity Origins 1 2 Foundations 9 3 Cryptography Demystified 31 4 Cybersecurity in Layers 47 5 Who Attacked Me? 67 6 Malware in Action 83 7 Modern- Day Applications 99 8 Cybersecurity for the Future 115 Glossary 129 Notes 137 Further Reading 141 Index 143 SERIES FOREWORD The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers accessible, concise, beautifully produced pocket- size books on topics of current interest. Written by leading thinkers, the books in this series deliver expert overviews of subjects that range from the cultural and the historical to the scientific and the technical. In today’s era of instant information gratification, we have ready access to opinions, rationalizations, and super- ficial descriptions. Much harder to come by is the founda- tional knowledge that informs a principled understanding of the world. Essential Knowledge books fill that need. Synthesizing specialized subject matter for nonspecialists and engaging critical topics through fundamentals, each of these compact volumes offers readers a point of access to complex ideas.