Cyber-Physical Systems for Industrial Transformation This book investigates the fundaments, standards, and protocols of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in the industrial transformation environment. It facilitates a fusion of both technologies in the creation of reliable and robust applications. Cyber-Physical Systems for Industrial Transformation: Fundamentals, Standards, and Protocols explores emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, data science, blockchain, robotic process automation, virtual reality, edge computing, and 5G technology to highlight current and future opportunities to transition CPS to become more robust and reliable. The book showcases the real-time sensing, processing, and actuation software and discusses fault-tolerant and cybersecurity as well. This book brings together undergraduates, postgraduates, academics, researchers, and industry individuals that are interested in exploring new ideas, techniques, and tools related to CPS and Industry 4.0. Advances in IoT, Robotics, and Cyber Physical Systems for Industrial Transformation Series Editors: S. Balamurugan and Dinesh Goyal Smart home, smart city, and Wearable Technologies are the most exponentially growing applications of Internet of Things (IoT). Wearable Technology is considered to be highly ubiquitous and the most phenomenal IoT Application. Smart World and Wearable Technology exhibit a high potential to transform our lifestyle. Ranging from healthcare tracking applications to smart watches and smart bands for personal safety, IoT has become one of the most indispensable parts of our lives. In a study by Business Insider’s premium research service, by the end of 2022, the wearable IoT market is expected to grow and reach 162.9 million units. Some of the top-notch applications of IoT include smart parking, smart wearable technologies, smart clothing, smart safety, smart farming, smart industry, robotics, and so on, thereby building a next-generation smart world. The emergence of a smart world appears to have enormous foresight in today’s communication environment, where intelligent “things” are connected to serve people better. With the exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) and its applications, the implementation of the smart world becomes much more feasible. The sensor market plays a vital role in applying IoT to build a smart world. Applications such as monitoring of parking spaces to optimally park the vehicles (Smart Parking), detecting the frequency and intensity of traffic and optimally selecting routes (Traffic Congestion), prediction of trash levels in garbage collection containers (Smart Waste Management), managing the intensity of street lights based on weather condition and sunlight (Smart Lighting), detecting and controlling excess of hazardous gases coming from industries and vehicles (Smart Air Pollution Controlling), detecting the mix of hazardous chemicals of factories with drinking water (Smart Water Pollution Controlling), efficient monitoring and management of power consumption (Smart Grid), artificial intelligence-driven retail marketing (Smart Shopping), detecting health abnormalities (Smart Health), and Home Automation mechanisms fall under the category of applying IoT and robotics in building a smart world. The purpose of designing this book series is to portray certain practical applications of IoT in building a smart world. With a widespread application of smart cities and smart homes, the need of this book series becomes important. Industrial Transformation Implementation and Essential Components and Processes of Digital Systems Edited by Om Prakash Jena, Sudhansu Shekhar Patra, Mrutyunjaya Panda, Zdzislaw Polkowski, and S. Balamurugan Cyber-Physical Systems for Industrial Transformation Fundamentals, Standards, and Protocols Edited by Gunasekaran Manogaran, Nour Eldeen M. Khalifa, Mohamed Loey and Mohamed Hamed N. Taha For more information on this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/ Advances-in-IoT-Robotics-and-Cyber-Physical-Systems-for-Industrial-Transformation/ book-series/CRCAIRCPSIT Cyber-Physical Systems for Industrial Transformation Fundamentals, Standards, and Protocols Edited by Gunasekaran Manogaran, Nour Eldeen M. Khalifa, Mohamed Loey, and Mohamed Hamed N. Taha First edition published 2023 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487–2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Gunasekaran Manogaran, Nour Eldeen M. Khalifa, Mohamed Loey, and Mohamed Hamed N. Taha; indi- vidual chapters, the contributors Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978–750–8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. ISBN: 978-1-032-20162-7 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-20165-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-26252-7 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003262527 Typeset in Times by Apex CoVantage, LLC Dedicated to the memory of my father, Mahmoud Khalifa Ali Nour Eldeen M. Khalifa Dedicated to my father, mother, brother, sister, my wife Dr. Heba, and my children (Lareen, Zeyad, Kady) Mohamed Loey Dedicated to my father, mother, sister, and my children (Abdelrahman, Nelly) Mohamed Hamed N. Taha Contents Preface .......................................................................................................................ix About the Editors ......................................................................................................xi List of Contributors .................................................................................................xiii Chapter 1 Referential Architectures of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) for Industry 4.0 .....................................................................................1 S. Ducos and E. Exposito Chapter 2 6G Network for Connecting CPS and Industrial IoT (IIoT) ..............17 Rakesh Shrestha, Ashutosh Mishra, Rojeena Bajracharya, Sima Sinaei and Shiho Kim Chapter 3 Blockchain and Cyber-Physical Systems ...........................................39 S. Lemeš Chapter 4 Cyber-Physical Robotics: Real-Time Sensing, Processing and Actuating ......................................................................................57 Edgar A. Martínez-García Chapter 5 Cybersecurity in Cyber-Physical Systems .........................................75 Dietmar P. F. Möller Chapter 6 Security and Privacy of Cyber-Physical Systems ...............................97 Anusha Vangala, Ashok Kumar Das, Volkan Dedeoglu and Raja Jurdak Chapter 7 Data Privacy and Ransomware Impact on Cyber-Physical Systems Data Protection ...................................................................115 Mohamed Sohail and Said Tabet Chapter 8 Enhancing Shilling Attacks Detection Performance for Cyber-Physical Systems through DSA-URB Framework Based on Users' Behavior .................................................................135 Amir Albusuny, Ahmed A. Mawgoud and Benbella S. Tawfik vii viii Contents Chapter 9 CPS support IoMT Cyber Attacks, Security and Privacy Issues and Solutions ....................................................................................157 R. Anusha, J. Vijayashree, J. Jayashree and Mohammed Yousuff Chapter 10 Synchrophasor-Based Dynamic Thermal Rating System for Sustainable Cyber-Physical Power Systems ....................................177 Bilkisu Jimada-Ojuolape, Jiashen Teh and Micheal Olaolu Arowolo Chapter 11 Development of Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems Using Intelligent Agents and LEGO Technology .......................................193 Burak Karaduman, Geylani Kardas and Moharram Challenger Chapter 12 Integration of E-health, Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems .............................................................................................213 Mohamed Yousuff, J. Jayashree, J. Vijayashree and R. Anusha Chapter 13 Deep Learning Interpretation of Biomedical Data in IOMT and Cyber Physical Systems ...................................................................235 Mohamed Yousuff, J. Jayashree, J. Vijayashree and R. Anusha Chapter 14 E-Role of Blockchain in the Cyber-Physical System IoT-Based Healthcare System ............................................................................259 R. Anusha, J.Vijayashree, J.Jayashree and Mohammed Yousuff Chapter 15 IoT CPS Interpretation for Healthcare Systems ...............................283 J. Deepa, J. Jayashree, J. Vijayashree and Mohamed Yousuff Index ......................................................................................................................297 Preface The advances of Cyber-Physical Systems aim to enable capability, adaptability, scalability, resiliency, safety, security, and usability that will far exceed the simple embedded systems of today. The term “Cyber-Physical Systems” (CPS) refers to a new generation of systems that combine computational and physical capabilities to interact with humans in a variety of new ways. It appears as a result of an increase in technological systems in which interactions between interconnected computer sys- tems and the physical environment were prioritized. Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and the Internet of Things (IoT) advancements are paving the way for a future of hyper-connected objects, computers, and humans. Industrial transformation is happening at a never-before-seen pace. It will pave a way for an era where information technology will communicate with physical assets. As we are increasingly connected through the CPSs, more often data is transmitted in real-time while analytics occur in response to actual events. Chapters in this book address a variety of subjects, starting with an introduction to referential architectures of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) for Industry 4.0 in Chapter 1. 6G network for connecting CPS and Industrial IoT (IIoT) is presented in Chapter 2. Blockchain and its relationships with CPS are illustrated in Chapters 3 and 14. Chapters 4 and 10 highlight the role of cyber-physical robotics and power systems in CPS. Cybersecurity and its related topics to Industrial CPS are introduced in Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. In Chapter 11, the role of intelligent agents in CPS is illustrated. The appli- cations of the Industrial CPS to healthcare are described in Chapters 12, 13, and 15. We appreciate and recognize everyone who contributed to all phases of publica- tion. That includes the authors, reviewers, and publishing team. Their participation and support were crucial to the success of the edited book Cyber-Physical Systems for Industrial Transformation: Fundamentals, Standards, and Protocols. We hope that the readers will enjoy both the chapters and their contents, in addition to the work that has gone into making it a reality. Gunasekaran Manogaran Howard University, Washington DC, USA Nour Eldeen M. Khalifa Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Mohamed Loey Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha, Egypt Mohamed Hamed N. Taha Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt ix