Contributors to Volume 6 A. BONSIGNORE A. DE FLORA HERBERT J. FROMM ROY H. DOI MARY ELLEN JONES MICHEL LAZDUNSKI DANIEL L. PURICH T. RAMASARMA MICHAEL A. SAVAGEAU JEFFRIES WYMAN CURRENT TOPICS IN Cellular Regulation edited by Bernard L Horecker · Earl R. Stadtman Albert Einstein College of Medicine National Institutes of Health Bronx, New York Bethesda, Maryland Volume 6 1972 ACADEMIC PRESS New York and London COPYRIGHT © 1972, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Ill Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NWl LIBRARY OF CONORE3S CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 72-84153 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA List of Contributors Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin. A. BONSIGNORE (21), Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy A. DE FLORA (21), Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy HERBERT J. FROMM (131), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa ROY H. DOI (1), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, Davis, California MARY ELLEN JONES (227), Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California MICHEL LAZDUNSKI (267), Centre de Biologie Moleculaire du C.N.R.S., Marseille and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Nice, France DANIEL L. PURICH (131), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa T. RAMASARMA (169), Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India MICHAEL A. SAVAGEAU (63), Department of Microbiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan JEFFRIES WYMAN (209), C.N.R. Centre for Molecular Biology at the In­ stitute of Biochemistry, University of Rome, and Regina Elena In­ stitute for Cancer Research, Rome, Italy ix Preface Recent years have witnessed rapid advances in our knowledge of the basic mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities such as intermediary metabolism, the transfer of genetic information, membrane permeability, and cellular differentiation and other organ functions. Information gained from the detailed analyses of a large num­ ber of isolated enzyme systems, together with results derived from physio­ logical investigations of metabolic processes in vivo, constitutes an ever- increasing body of knowledge from which important generalized concepts and basic principles of cellular regulation are beginning to emerge. How­ ever, so rapid are the present advances in the general area of cellular regulation and so diverse are the disciplines involved, that it has become a formidable task for even the expert in a specialized area to keep abreast of the progress in his field. This series of volumes is concerned with such recent developments in various areas of cellular regulation. We do not in­ tend that it will consist of comprehensive annual reviews of the literature. We hope rather that it will constitute a medium which will, on the one hand, provide contributing authors with an opportunity to summarize progress in specialized areas of study that have undergone substantial de­ velopments and, on the other hand, serve as a forum for the enunciation of general principles and for the formulation of provocative theories and novel concepts. To this end editorial review of individual contributions will be concerned primarily with the clarity of presentation and con­ formity to publication policies. It is hoped in this manner to bring together current knowledge of various aspects of cellular regulation so as both to enlighten the uninformed and to provide a base of knowledge for those engaged in research in this subject. BERNARD L. HORECKER EARL R. STADTMAN xi Preface to Volume 6 Previous volumes in this series have focused attention on the now classical mechanisms for regulation at the enzyme level, including allosteric and feedback regulation, although several authors have dealt with broader concepts of regulation at the cellular level. The present volume contains several chapters which develop interesting models for regulatory systems at the cell as well as at the enzyme level, including an extension of the original Monod-Wyman-Changeux theory, and an attractive model for half-site enzymes. Other articles in this volume are concerned with regulatory mechanisms related to sporulation, to the pentose phosphate pathway, and to the biosynthesis of isoprene compounds and pyrimidines in animal cells. This volume thus represents a continuation of our efforts to bring to the reader reviews of rapidly de­ veloping areas of metabolic regulation as well as provocative and novel concepts which will promote further progress in this field. BERNARD L. HORECKER EARL R. STADTMAN xii Contents of Previous Volumes Volume 1 Conformational Aspects of Enzyme Regulation D. E. Koshland, Jr, Limitation of Metabolite Concentrations and the Conservation of Solvent Capacity in the Living Cell Daniel E. Atkinson The Role of Equilibria in the Regulation of Metabolism H. A. Krebs Regulation of the Biosynthesis of the Branched-Chain Amino Acids H. E. Umbarger On the Roles of Synthesis and Degradation in Regulation of Enzyme Levels in Mammalian Tissues Robert T. Schimke The Regulation of the Biosynthesis of a-l,4-Glucans in Bacteria and Plants Jack Preiss Allosteric L-Threonine Dehydrases of Microorganisms W. A. Wood The Aspartokinases and Homoserine Dehydrogenases of Escherichia coli Georges N, Cohen Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Lester J. Reed xiii Xiv CONTENTS OF PREVIOUS VOLUMES Pyruvate Carboxylase Merton F. Utter and Michael C. Scrutton Author Index—Subject Index Volume 2 DPN-Linked Isocitrate Dehydrogenase of Animal Tissues Gerhard W. E. Plaut The Regulation of Biosynthesis of Aromatic Amino Acids and Vitamins J. Pittard and F. Gibson Regulation of Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Normal and Malignant Tissues Marvin D. Siperstein The Biogenesis of Yeast Mitochondria Anthony W, Linnane and J. M. Haslam Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase from Rabbit Liver S. Pontremoli and B. L. Horecker The Role of Phosphoribosyltransferases in Purine Metabolism Kari 0. Raivio and J, Edwin Seegmiller Concentrations of Metabolites and Binding Sites. Implications in Meta­ bolic Regulation A. Sols and R. Marco A Discussion of the Regulatory Properties of Aspartate Transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli J. C. Gerhart Author Index—Subject Index CONTENTS OF PREVIOUS VOLUMES xv Volume 3 The Regulation ofBranched and Converging Pathways B. D. Sanwal, M. Kapoor, andH. Duckworth The Role of Cyclic AMPin Bacteria Robert L. Perlman and Ira Pastan Cell Surfaces in Neoplastic Transformation Max M. Burger Glycogen Synthase and Its Control Joseph Larner and Carlos Villar-Palasi The Regulation of Pyruvate Kinase Werner Seubert and Wilhelm Schoner Author Index-Subject Index Volume 4 The Regulation of Arginine Metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Exclusion Mechanisms J. M. Wiame The Lac Repressor Suzanne Bourgeois L-Glutamate Dehydrogenases Barry R. Goldin and Carl Frieden Regulation of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis P. Roy Vagelos XVi CONTENTS OF PREVIOUS VOLUMES Kinetic Analysis of Allosteric Enzymes Kasper Kirschner Phosphorylase and the Control of Glycogen Degradation Edmond H. Fischer, Ludwig Μ. G, Heilmeyer, Jr., and Richard H. Haschke Author Index—Subject Index Volume 5 Phosphofructokinase Tag E. Mansour A Theoretical Background to the Use of Measured Concentrations of Intermediates in Study of the Control of Intermediary Metabolism F. S. Rolleston Memory Molecules Götz F. Domagk Protein Kinases Edwin G. Krebs Glutamine Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Amidotransferase James B. Wyngaarden The Regulatory Influence of Allosteric Effectors on Deoxycytidylate Deaminases Frank Maley and Gladys F. Maley The Citrate Enzymes: Their Structures, Mechanisms, and Biological Functions Paul A. Srere