Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Current Cancer Research 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Cover illustration: Photos in the research reports by the Tumor cells invade into surrounding tissue. authors or by their co-workers This process is simulated in a model with a Fig. 10 copyright Kindler Verlag, Zürich human lung tumor cell outside the organism. 1968; fig. 11 with kind permission of Daniel Forty individual consecutive images through Stoffler, Biozentrum Basel; fig. 12 Monika the cell were made by confocal microscopy. Brette!, Division of Gell Biology; fig. 13 Cäci These images were recombined by a com lia Kuhn, Division of Gell Biology; figs. 14, 15 puter program to obtain an image of the Dr. Herbart Spring, Biomedical Structure whole cell with 3-D impression (Dr. Torsten Analysis Group; fig. 16 with kind permission Porwol and Prof. Dr. Helmut Acker, Max of Dr. J. Faber, from: Normal Table of Xeno Pianck-lnstitut für Molekulare Physiologie, pus Laevis (Daudin), edited by P. D. Nieuw Dr. Anja-Rose Strohmaierand Prof. Dr. Eber koop and J. Faber, North-Holland Publishing hard Spiess, Deutsches Krebsforschungs Company, Amsterdam, reprint by Garland zentrum) Publishing lnc., New York; Fig. 26 with kind permission of Haideiberg University Derma ISBN 978-3-7985-1122-4 tology Clinic; fig. 27 with kind permission of ISBN 978-3-642-95995-0 (eBook) BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen; fig. DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-95995-0 28 with kind permission of Boehringer lngel heim GmbH; figs. 32, 33, 34 with kind per mission of evi, Arbeitskreis Ernährungs-und ISSN 0940-074 5 Vitamininformation e.V., Frankfurt; figs. 52, 53 Dr. Claus-Wilhelm von der Lieth, Central Spectroscopy; Figs. 71 , 72 Dr. Sibylle Kohl städt, Office of Press and Public Relations; fig. 77 with kind permission of Doros Panayi, Additional material to this book can be European Molecular Laboratory, Heidelberg; downloaded from http://extras.springer.com fig. 78 with kind permission of Priv.-Doz. Dr. Peter R. Galle, Medical University Clinic, Ga stroenterology Department, Heidelberg; fig. 82 with kind permission of Dr. Michael Coordination: Schwarz, Heidelberg; fig. 120 with kind per Elisabeth Hohensee, M .A. mission of Foto Studio Gärtner, Heidelberg; fig. 137 Brigitte Engelhardt, Arbeitsgruppe Co-workers: Foto; Abb. S. 245 Luftbild Krug, Haideiberg Dipi.-Biol. Dagmar Anders Ulrike Hafner Christine Hesse Dipi.-Biol. Dr. Sibylle Kohlstädt Dipi.-Biol. Ulrike Nell Dipi.-Biol. Renate Ries Dipi.-Biol. Dr. Claudia Walther Translation: Stefanie von Kalckreuth, akad. gepr. Übers., Haideiberg Angela Lahee, PhD, Gaiberg Seitach Communications GmbH, Haideiberg Layout: Heidi Hnatek Stefan Bieck, Büro für Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Köln Photos: Josef Wiegand Chapter Page The Fight against Cancer in Germany - A Critical Review Harald zur Hausen 11 Conditions and Structures in Research Josef Puchta 21 0 Mission and Structure 26 Research 29 Cell Differentiation and Gareinegenesis 32 2.1 The Cytoskeleton: A Complex System Harald Herrmann-Lerdon 34 of Dynamic Structural Elements (an Overview) 2.2 Developmental Control Genes- Christof Niehrs 40 ldentification and Function Tumor Cell Regulation 44 3.1 Research without Animal Experiments: Karin Müller-Decker 46 The Development of a Gell Culture Test Friedrich Marks for Chemieals that lrritate the Skin 3.2 New Approaches to Counteract Dietrich Keppler 51 Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy ~ Cancer Risk Factars and Prevention 58 4.1 Evolution of Liver Gell Cancer - Peter Bannasch 61 Interaction of Viruses and Chemieals 4.2 Cancer Risk Due to Dioxin is Very Low Heiko Becher 68 in Germany Karen Steindorf 4.3 Familial Breast Cancer: Jenny Chang-Ciaude 73 A Risk Assessment Heiko Becher 4.4 Chemoprevention of Cancer: Clarissa Gerhäuser 78 Mechanisms and Strategies for Cancer Control Norbert Frank (an Overview) 4.5 Advances in Secondary Cancer Prevention: Hans Osswald 84 Regression of Precancerous Lesions by a Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug (NSAID) Chapter Page Diagnostics and Experimental Therapy 90 5.1 Diagnosis of Breast Cancer- Gerhard van Kaick 92 Current Radiological Procedures (an Overview) Dietrich von Fournier 5.2 Virtual Operation Planning in Liver Surgery Gerald Glombitza 99 Christian Herfarth Wolfram Lamade Hans-Peter Meinzer 5.3 A New Approach to the lmprovement of Tumor Barbara Bertram 105 Therapy: The Use of Glucose-Coupled Substances Manfred WieBier 5.4 Molecular Therapy in the Treatment Ralf Kronenwett 110 of Hematological and Oncological Diseases Rainer Haas 5.5 CD95: Recipient of the Death Message Klaus-Michael Debatin 115 Peter H. Krammer @ Radiological Diagnostics and Therapy 120 6.1 Therapy of Brain Tumors with Laser Neurosurgery Wolfgang Schlegel 124 Jürgen Dams 6.2 Planning and Monitaring of Gene Therapy with Uwe Haberkorn 130 Suicide Genes Using Positron Emission Tomography 6.3 Teleradiology: lmproving Communication Uwe Engelmann 134 in Radiological Diagnostics Malte L. Bahner Applied Tumor Virology 142 7.1 Inhibition of PARP: A Possible Approach Jan-Heiner Küpper 144 towards Tumor Gell Sensitization 146 7.2 Yeast Systems in Oncology (an Overview) Karin Butz Felix Hoppe-Seyler ® Tumor lmmunology 154 8.1 FLICE: The Unusual Story of the Cloning Marcus E. Peter 155 of an Extraordinary Protein Peter H. Krammer 160 8.2 Role of the Cysteine and Glutathione in AIDS Wulf Dröge and Several Unrelated Diseases Associated with Cachexia and lmmunodeficiencies ® Genome Research and Bioinformatics 168 9.1 Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer: Ruthild Weber 170 New Techniques in Tumor Diagnosis Peter Lichter 9.2 Human Genome Project and Resource Center Petra Kieschis 173 Chapter Page 9.3 Spatial Organization of Large Genome Segments Jörg Langowski 179 9.4 DNA-Chip Technology as a Tool for Gene Expression Nicole Hauser 184 Studies Marcel Scheideier Jörg D. Hoheisel 0@ Central Services 190 Appendix 205 00 Evaluation of Results 207 International and National Collaboration 221 Organs of the Foundation 236 Statt Council 241 Administration 242 Teaching, Vocational Training and Continuing Education 247 Oll Current Topics 254 0@ Press and Public Relations 266 Chapter Page D® Meetings, Workshops and Symposia 288 2r0 Statutes and Articles of the Foundation Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum 291 Index 298 Plan of Organization (Insert) The Fight Against Cancer in Germany The Fight Against Each year in Germany there are more that the Federal Ministry for Education, than 300 000 new cases of cancer, a Science, Research, and Technology Cancer in Germany - figure which we expect to rise annually has given a clear signal by financing a by 6000. More than 210 000 cancer German Genome Program and that the A Critical deaths per year in this one country jus first positive effects of this are already Review tify not only the high Ievei of attention perceptible in cancer research. which this disease arouses in the pub Worrying, on the other hand, are the lic, but also the enormous efforts that developments in the German pharma are undertaken worldwide in order to by Harald zur Hausen prevent its occurrence and its conse ceutical industry, which has relocated essential elements of its application-re quences, and at least to alleviate the lated genetic engineering work abroad, latter. such that our young scientists, mostly Let us first consider the current state of with an excellent training in basic re affairs: I believe that Germany possess search, have hardly any hope of finding es a very good foundation for basic a job in this country. The single positive cancer research. Together with the na effect of this development is undoubt tional cancer research center, the edly the enormous competition for aca Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, demic positions in this area; simultane we have a large number of university ously, however, the large majority of tal and non-university facilities which carry ented young scientists have no chance out a significant amount of efficient can here to develop their careers further. cer research. Particular points of focus Today we are already able to see that can be identified in cell and tumor biolo the most agile and talented brains are gy, in tumor immunology, and in tumor seeking long-term positions abroad, virology; these activities are also held in again predominantly in the United high regard abroad. Molecular biology States. has come to play an important role in All this, despite the fact that the fre cancer research and will have a Iasting quently mentioned technology transfer influence on its further development. from basic research to the applications Despite a whole series of promising be area took place in German cancer re ginnings, cancer genetics - by which I search to a significant degree already mean here less the functional molecu in the past: one of the most important lar-biological analysis of modifications chemotherapy drugs, Endoxan, was in in the genetic material of cancer cells vented in Germany; diagnostic markers and more the molecular epidemiology for a whole range of cancers using re and the mapping of cancer genes - has expressed fetal antigens, or through the been slower getting started here than detection of soluble karatins or other elsewhere, particularly in the United components of the cytoskeleton were States, a fact which also holds for epi developed here and are now applied on demiological research in general. One a routine basis throughout the world; may seek the reasons for this not only tumor viruses, which today are thought in the chequered history of genetics in to be involved in 10 % of all cancer this country, but also in the absence of cases worldwide, were discovered in a consistent concept for human ge Germany and the mechanism of their nome research. lt is to be welcomed tumor-inducing properties at least par- 11 Fig.1 The Deutsches Krebsforschungszen trum and its communication center for conferences, conventions and exhibi tions are shown in the foreground. ln late 1997 an eighth floor was complet ed, which expanded the building. The Iabaratory building for applied tumor virology which was placed into opera tion in 1992 is located behind the main buildlng. The Center is located in the middle of the university campus and is in direct proximity to clinics and insti tutes in the biological and natural sci ences as weil as the technology park of the city ot Heidelberg 12 The Fight Against Cancer in Germany 13