Culicipedia: Species-group, genus-group and family-group names in Culicidae (Diptera) Culicipedia: Species-group, genus-group and family-group names in Culicidae (Diptera) Ralph E. Harbach Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI CABI Nosworthy Way 745 Atlantic Avenue Wallingford 8th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Boston, MA 02111 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 T: +1 (617)682-9015 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © Ralph E. Harbach 2018. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be re- produced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Harbach, Ralph E., author. Title: Culicipedia : species-group, genus-group and family-group names in Culicidae (Diptera) / Ralph E. Harbach. Description: Boston, MA : CABI, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2018023336 (print) | LCCN 2018028612 (ebook) | ISBN 9781786399069 (ePDF) | ISBN 9781786399076 (ePub) | ISBN 9781786399052 (hbk : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Mosquitoes--Nomenclature. | Mosquitoes--Classification. Classification: LCC QL536 (ebook) | LCC QL536 .H347 2018 (print) | DDC 595.77/2--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018023336 ISBN-13: 978 1 78639 905 2 Commissioning editor: Ward Cooper Editorial assistant: Emma McCann Production editor: Marta Patiño Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in the UK by Bell & Bain Ltd, Glasgow You, whose name has not been formed by anyone, Whose proof not even intellect can grasp, To label you would be a loathsome act, For you are far removed from genus and species. Nosiri Khisrav Persian Poet (1004–1088) Contents Preface ix Introduction xi Arrangement, Format and Definitions xiii Symbols, Abbreviations, Words and Phrases in this Tome xiv Declension (Inflection) and the Formation of Names xiv Classification xvii Section 1: Species-group Names 1 Names beginning with letter A 3 Names beginning with letter B 19 Names beginning with letter C 26 Names beginning with letter D 38 Names beginning with letter E 43 Names beginning with letter F 46 Names beginning with letter G 52 Names beginning with letter H 57 Names beginning with letter I 61 Names beginning with letter J 65 Names beginning with letter K 67 Names beginning with letter L 70 Names beginning with letter M 77 Names beginning with letter N 89 Names beginning with letter O 95 Names beginning with letter P 97 Names beginning with letter Q 110 Names beginning with letter R 111 Names beginning with letter S 115 Names beginning with letter T 127 Names beginning with letter U 133 Names beginning with letter V 135 Names beginning with letter W 138 Names beginning with letter X 139 Names beginning with letters Y and Z 140 Section 2: Genus-group Names 141 Section 3: Family-group and Other Suprageneric Names 157 Section 4: Species-group Names Formed from Personal Names 161 Section 5: Species-group Names Formed from Geographical Names 186 Section 6: Genus-group Names Formed from Personal Names 223 Section 7: Some Interesting Species- and Genus-group Names 229 Some Interesting Species-group Names 231 Some Interesting Genus-group Names 238 vii viii Contents Section 8: Phylogenetic Classification of Composite Genus Aedes 240 Species-group names 242 Names beginning with letter A 242 Names beginning with letter B 246 Names beginning with letter C 248 Names beginning with letter D 251 Names beginning with letter E 253 Names beginning with letter F 254 Names beginning with letter G 256 Names beginning with letter H 257 Names beginning with letter I 259 Names beginning with letter J 260 Names beginning with letter K 260 Names beginning with letter L 261 Names beginning with letter M 263 Names beginning with letter N 266 Names beginning with letter O 268 Names beginning with letter P 269 Names beginning with letter Q 273 Names beginning with letter R 273 Names beginning with letter S 275 Names beginning with letter T 278 Names beginning with letter U 280 Names beginning with letter V 281 Names beginning with letters W, Y and Z 282 Genus-group names 283 Section 9: Changed Spellings of Species-group Names 288 Some Thoughts about Mosquito Taxonomy and Nomenclature 289 Literature Cited 291 Appendix 1 Current Higher-level Classification of the Culicidae 365 Appendix 2 Multi-generic and Traditional Classifications of the Genus Aedes 369 Appendix 3 Table of Changed Spellings of Species-group Names 373 Preface The idea for this volume began with the development of 1905e; Edwards, 1932a; Stone et al., 1959; Knight & an ‘index’ for the online Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory Stone, 1977), comprise a practical amalgamation of taxo- (http://mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info/). This involved nomic history, rules that govern the formation of names, the acquisition of all articles in which the names that mosquito nomenclature and classification. The tome pro- comprise the nomenclature of the family Culicidae were vides an up-to-date resource for linking names with one originally published. As the work progressed, it become another and higher taxonomic groups while providing a apparent that the catalogue of world Culicidae (Knight & concise account of all names (nearly 6000) used in the Stone, 1977), its supplements (Ward, 1984; Gaffigan & Culicidae, their origins and taxonomic status. Ward, 1985; Ward, 1992), and consequently the online The need for this tome coincides with a time when catalogue of the Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (http:// few professional traditional taxonomists are left to assist www.mosquitocatalog.org/), which was copied verbatim and advise the new generation of molecular taxonomists from the world catalogue and its supplements, contain in the basic principles and practice of mosquito tax- many errors and include only species-group, genus-group onomy. For this reason, this compilation is intended to be and currently valid family-group names. The tome pre- a valuable resource for students, researchers, entomolo- sented here is a comprehensive compilation of all scientific gists, librarians and anyone interested in mosquito tax- names introduced at all levels of classification for Culicidae onomy, systematics and nomenclature. from the official start of zoological nomenclature on 1 Many colleagues have contributed directly or indir- January 1758 until 30 June 2018, with corrections to ectly to the consummation of this work. I am grateful to errors contained in the world catalogue and its supple- all persons who aided in any way, but I would like to par- ments. Corrections and additions made to information con- ticularly thank the following colleagues. First of all, this tained in those publications are too numerous to list tome owes its existence to the exhortations of Lorna individually. In general, however, corrections have been Culverwell and Simon Rycroft. Their suggestions and en- made to literature citations, page numbers of taxon citations, couragement provided the impetus to transform an in- and the names of authors, species and type localities. tended ‘index’ into this monograph. I am equally grateful Culicid nomenclature may be defined as a lexicon of to the Library and Archives staff of the Natural History generally latinized names applied to groups of mosquitoes Museum, especially Harriet Campbell Longley, for assist- (actual or perceived monophyletic taxa) that constitute the ance in locating articles and obtaining numerous elusive hierarchical classification of the family. The groups (taxo- publications through the inter-library loan service that nomic ranks) whose names are regulated by the International aided the preparation of this tome. A huge thank you to Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International my revered colleagues who took time from busy schedules Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999) are the to review and provide advice and comments on various species, genus and family groups. The species group in- parts of this work: Art Borkent, Lorna Culverwell, Bruce cludes names given to subspecies and species, the genus Harrison and Christian Kammerer. Thanks also to David group includes names of subgenera and genera, and the Notten for discussing provisions of the International Code family group includes the names of tribes, subfamilies and of Zoological Nomenclature, and very special thanks to families. Emphasis is given to accurately reproducing the Christian Kammerer for his critical appraisal and schol- names given to members of these three groups and cor- arly comments on text dealing with the application of rectly associating and listing the original literature sources Latin and Greek in the formation of names. Chen Bin and in which they were published. Ichiro Miyagi are gratefully acknowledged for providing Much of what has happened in mosquito taxonomy information about names proposed in Chinese and since the start of zoological nomenclature has no value be- Japanese works, respectively. My particular thanks to free- sides historical interest: notwithstanding, the present work lance copy editor Val Porter for diligently and thoroughly is a unique compendium of mosquito taxonomy. The con- reviewing the manuscript and meticulously checking the tents and composition, unlike the four catalogues of the references cited. I hasten to add that any lapses and errors Culicidae published during the 20th century (Theobald, are strictly my responsibility. ix