CSAP Compet The Challenge of Participatory Research: Preventing Alcohol-Related Problems Ethnic in Communities Special Collaborative NIAAA/CSAP Monograph Based on an NIAAA Conference, May 18-19, 1992 SAMHSA 3 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES . t Public Health Service SubstanceAbuseandMental HealthServicesAdministration Centerfor SubstanceAbuse Prevention Mtt*Sj^p2Xfo3 CSAP Cultural Competence Series 3 The Challenge of Participatory Research: Preventing Alcohol-Related Problems Ethnic in Communities Special Collaborative NIAAA/ CSAP Monograph Based on a NIAAA Conference May ^^ 18-19, 1992. Office of Minority Health Resource Center P0B0X37337 ^„ Editor: DC 20013o-7337 Phyllis a. Langtoa Ph.D Washington, The George Washington University Sociology Department Washington, D.C. Managing Editor: Leonard G. Epstein, M.S.W. Division of Community Prevention and Training Center for Substance Abuse Prevention U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Series Editor: Mario A. Orlandi, Ph.D., M.P.H. Chief, Division of Health Promotion Research American Health Foundation The primary objective ofthe Center forSubstanceAbuse Preven- tion (CSAP) Cultural Competence Series is to promote the devel- opment and dissemination of a scientific knowledge base that assists prevention program evaluators, researchers, and prac- titioners in working with multicultural communities. CSAP supports the rigorous scientific analysis of programs designed to promote health and prevent alcohol, tobacco and other drug (ATOD) problems for all people. All positions taken on specific approaches to conducting research and evaluation on ATOD problem prevention programs are positions of the researchers, communities, prevention experts, and authors who contributed to this monograph and may not necessarily reflect the opinions, official policy, or position of CSAP; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; the Public Health Service; or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Other groups that developed and/or implemented specific methods for researching or evaluating ATOD abuse pre- ventionprograms are documentedinthetextofthismonograph. All material in this volume, except quoted passages from copyrighted sources, is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from CSAP or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. DHHS Publication No. (SMA)95-3042 Printed 1995 Project Officer: Leonard G. Epstein, M.S.W. CSAP Cultural Competence Series: Elaine M. Johnson, Ph.D., Director, CSAP Ruth Sanchez-Way, Ph.D, Director, Division ofCommunity Pre- vention and Training, CSAP RobertW. Denniston, Director, DivisionofPublic Education and Dissemination, CSAP Prologue With The Challenge of Participatory Research: Preventing Alcohol- Related Problems in Ethnic Communities, the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) continues its ground-breaking series of cultural competence publications. This volume in the Series represents a collaborationbetweenCSAP and the National Insti- tute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). This compelling volume offers both theoretical and practical applications related to the field of alcohol prevention research and its responsiveness to the pressing concerns of this country's diverse ethnic and racial communities. Underlying each of the chapters is the premise that good behavioral science recognizes the importance of cultural competence as a significant factor in the quality of data collected. CSAP's Cultural Competence Series has as its primary goal the scientific advancement of evaluation methodology designed specifically for alcohol, tobacco, and other drug abuse (ATOD) problempreventionapproacheswithin the multiculturalcontext of United States community settings. The various multicultural communities which make up our country comprise a rich and diverse ethnicheritage. The CulturalCompetence Series is dedi- cated to exploring and understanding this heritage and its criti- cally important role in the development of ATOD problem pre- vention programs. The Cultural Competence Series provides CSAP with a unique opportunity to formulate effective strategies that will have applicability for ATOD prevention professionals working inwidely diverse settings. This unprecedented Series has estab- lished a framework for the transfer of innovative, cutting-edge technology in this area and a forum for the exchange of knowl- edge between program developers, implementors, and evalua- tors. It is the sincere hope of those who have contributed to this Series that it will stimulate new ideas and further prevention efforts among all Americans. Elaine M. Johnson, Ph.D., Director Centerfor Substance Abuse Prevention For Loran Archer Colleague, Researcher, former Administrator, NIAAA Foreword This volume is the third in a series of publications on cultural compe- tence sponsored by the Division ofCommunity Prevention and Train- ing of the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP). It includes the proceedings of a working group, "Alcohol Abuse Prevention Research in Ethnic Communities/' held in Washington, D.C., May 18-19, 1992, sponsored by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). NIAAA and CSAP share the mission of encouraging the advancement ofknowledge in the prevention ofalco- hol-relatedproblemsandhaveworkedcollaborativelytowardthisgoal. For example, in 1990, a Request for Applications (RFA) was issued on "Community-Based Research on the Prevention of Alcohol-Related Problems" which resulted in the joint funding by NIAAA and CSAP oftwocommunitygrants.Thisjointlyproducedmonographrepresents another form of collaboration between research and service agencies thatfacilitates communicationbetweenpreventionresearchers, service professionals, and others dedicated to prevention. Throughout the volume, the concepts of participatory research, cultural competence, cultural sensitivity, and community provide the anchorsforthediscussionofthepreventionofalcohol-relatedproblems in ethnic/racial communities. An underlying premise of this volume is that prevention research mustbe based upon a clear understanding of the cultural factors that influence the processes of prevention researchand thedevelopmentofcommunitypreventioninterventions. Thisunderstandingcanbedevelopedmoreeffectivelythroughcollabo- ration between the community and researchers. A review of the state of the art of community alcohol prevention researchshowsthatwehavemuchtolearnabouteffectiveinterventions andprotectivemechanismsagainstalcohol-relatedproblemsinethnic/ racial communities. Itis likely thatthe state ofthe artwill change little unless new alliances are built between academic researchers and the community, andunlessthesealliancesencourageparticipationbyboth groups in the various stages of the research process. As is true for this CSAP Series as a whole, this volume is dedicated to furthering that effort. Phyllis A. Langton Leonard G. Epstein V Contents Foreword v Phyllis A. Langton and Leonard G. Epstein Preface xi Phyllis A. Langton Part I. Introduction and Overview CHAPTER 1 Applying a Participatory Research Model to Alcohol Prevention Research in Ethnic Communities 1 Phyllis A. Langton and Elsie G. Taylor Part II. Cultural Issues in Community-Based Prevention Research CHAPTER 2 Conducting Culturally Competent Alcohol Prevention Research in Ethnic Communities 21 M. Jean Gilbert CHAPTER 3 Culturally Sensitive Alcohol Prevention Research in Ethnic Communities 43 James R. Moran CHAPTER 4 Discussion Paper: The Relevancy of Cultural Sensitivity in Alcohol Prevention Research in Ethnic/Racial Communities 57 Robert G. Robinson Part III. Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Community-Based Prevention Research CHAPTER 5 Alternative Models of Community Prevention Research in Ethnically and Culturally Diverse Communities 67 Mary Ann Pentz Vll CHAPTER 6 Ethnic Communities and Research: Building a New Alliance 105 Fred Beauvais CHAPTER 7 Methodological Issues in Conducting Alcohol Abuse Prevention Research in Ethnic Communities 129 Steven P. Schinke and Kristin C. Cole CHAPTER 8 Methods to Create and Sustain Cross-Cultural Prevention Research Partnerships: The NAPPASA Project's American Indian-Anglo American Example 149 Jon Rolf Part IV. Alcohol Prevention Research in Ethnic/Racial Communities: Case Studies A. American Indians and Alaska Natives CHAPTER 9 The Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Among American Indians: A Review and Analysis of the Literature 183 Philip A. May CHAPTER 10 Native American Community Alcohol Prevention Research 245 Pamela Thurman J. CHAPTER 11 Discussion Paper: American Indian Alcohol Prevention Research: A Community Advocate's Perspective 259 Jerry D. Stubben B. Hispanics CHAPTER 12 The Prevention of Alcohol-Related Problems Among United States Hispanics: A Review 279 Raul Caetano Vlll