The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis 33 Andrzej Kulczycki Editor Critical Issues in Reproductive Health Critical Issues in Reproductive Health THE SPRINGER SERIES ON DEMOGRAPHIC METHODS AND POPULATION ANALYSIS Series Editor KENNETH C. LAND Duke University In recent decades, there has been a rapid development of demographic models and methods and an explosive growth in the range of applications of population analysis. This series seeks to provide a publication outlet both for high-quality textual and expository books on modern techniques of demographic analysis and for works that present exemplary applications of such techniques to various aspects of population analysis. Topics appropriate for the series include: (cid:129) General demographic methods (cid:129) Techniques of standardization (cid:129) Life table models and methods (cid:129) Multistate and multiregional life tables, analyses and projections (cid:129) Demographic aspects of biostatistics and epidemiology (cid:129) Stable population theory and its extensions (cid:129) Methods of indirect estimation (cid:129) Stochastic population models (cid:129) Event history analysis, duration analysis, and hazard regression models (cid:129) Demographic projection methods and population forecasts (cid:129) Techniques of applied demographic analysis, regional and local population estimates and projections (cid:129) Methods of estimation and projection for business and health care applications (cid:129) Methods and estimates for unique populations such as schools and students Volumes in the series are of interest to researchers, professionals, and students in d emography, sociology, economics, statistics, geography and regional science, public health and health care management, epidemiology, biostatistics, actuarial science, business, and related fi elds. For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6449 Andrzej Kulczycki Editor Critical Issues in Reproductive Health Editor Andrzej Kulczycki Associate Professor Department of Health Care Organization and Policy University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama , USA ISSN 1389-6784 ISBN 978-94-007-6721-8 ISBN 978-94-007-6722-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6722-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013945923 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. 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Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents 1 Introduction and Overview .................................................................... 1 Andrzej Kulczycki Part I Expanding the Research Base 2 The Vocabulary of Reproductive Health ............................................... 21 Alaka Malwade Basu 3 Prevalence, Attitudes, Risk factors, and Selected Health-Related Outcomes Associated with Spousal Physical Violence During Pregnancy in Egypt ..................................... 35 Andrzej Kulczycki 4 Addressing Men’s Concerns About Reproductive Health Services and Fertility Regulation in a Rural Sahelian Setting of Northern Ghana: The “Zurugelu Approach” ...................... 59 Philip Baba Adongo, James F. Phillips, and Colin D. Baynes 5 Social Class and Sexual Stigma: Local Interpretations of Emergency Contraception in Egypt .................................................. 85 L.L. Wynn, Hosam Moustafa Abdel Hafez, and Ahmed Ragab 6 Using New Data and Improved Study Designs to Examine Infertility-Service Seeking and Adverse Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in the South-Central United States ..................... 103 Suzanne Dhall and Andrzej Kulczycki Part II Advancing Policy 7 The Evolution of Consensus on Population and Development: Prospects for Resurgent Policy and Program Action .................................................................... 129 Andrew B. Kantner v vi Contents 8 How Problematic Will Liberal Abortion Policies Be for Pronatalist Countries? ................................................................ 153 Dennis Hodgson 9 Climate Change Science, Policy and Programming: Where Are Population and Reproductive Health? .............................. 177 Karen Hardee 10 Reproductive Health Aid: A Delicate Balancing Act ........................... 195 Hendrik P. van Dalen and Maja Micevska Scharf 11 Looking Back and Looking Ahead to Where Are We Going: A Round-Table Symposium on the Past, Present, and Future of Reproductive Health ....................................................... 215 Panelists: Daniel E. Pellegrom, Marleen Temmerman, Neil Datta, Jill Sheffi eld, Stan Bernstein, and Elizabeth Lule Part III Strengthening Service and Program Capacity 12 Fostering Change in Medical Settings: A Holistic Programming Approach to “Revitalizing” IUD Use in Kenya .................................................................................... 243 Roy Jacobstein 13 Radical Common Sense: Community Provision of Injectable Contraception in Africa ................................................... 265 John Stanback and Reid Miller 14 Global Introduction of a Low-Cost Contraceptive Implant ................... 285 Kate H. Rademacher, Heather L. Vahdat, Laneta Dorfl inger, Derek H. Owen, and Markus J. Steiner 15 An Integrated Approach to Targeted, Evidence-Based Livelihood and Sexual and Reproductive Health Programs for Vulnerable Young People in Fragile States: The Case of Liberia ................................................................................. 307 Adam Weiner and Andrzej Kulczycki About the Authors ........................................................................................... 329 Index ................................................................................................................. 339 List of Abbreviations AGWG Adolescent Girls Working Group (Liberia) AIDS Acquired immunodefi ciency syndrome ANC Antenatal care API Active pharmaceutical ingredient APROFAM Asociación Pro-Bienestar de la Familia de Guatemala ART Assisted reproductive technology ARV Antiretroviral (drug therapy) ASRM American Society for Reproductive Medicine CBA Community-based adaptation CBD Community-based distribution CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) CEO Chief executive offi cer CHFP Community Health and Family Planning Project (Ghana) CHPS Community-based Health Planning and Services program (Ghana) CHO Community health offi cer (Ghana) CHW Community health worker COP Conference of the Parties CO Carbon dioxide 2 CRM Coastal resources management project (Philippines) DAC Development Assistance Committee (of the OECD) DAH Development assistance for health DALY Disability-adjusted life year DFID Department for International Development (United Kingdom) DHS Demographic and Health Surveys DMPA Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (also known as Depo-Provera) EC Emergency contraception ECP Emergency contraceptive pills EDH Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey EIM European IVF Monitoring Program EMA European Medicines Agency EPAG Economic Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (Liberia) vii viii List of Abbreviations EPF European Parliamentary Forum on Population and Development ESHRE European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology EU European Union FHI Family Health International (now known as FHI 360) FIGO International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics FP Family planning GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus GHI Global Health Initiative (United States) GIFT Gamete intrafallopian transfer GMP Good manufacturing practice GNI Gross national income HIV Human immunodefi ciency virus HPV Human papillomavirus HSA Health surveillance assistant (Malawi) ICPD International Conference on Population and Development ICSI Intracytoplasmic sperm induction ICU Intensive care unit IMCI Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses IMF International Monetary Fund IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPF International Planned Parenthood Federation IPV Intimate partner violence IUD Intrauterine device IUI Intrauterine insemination IVF In-vitro fertilization LA/PM Long-acting and permanent method LARC Long-acting reversible contraceptive LBW Low birthweight LISGIS Liberian Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services LNG Levonorgestrel LNG-IUS Levonorgestrel releasing-intrauterine system MCH Maternal and child health MDG Millennium Development Goal MENA Middle East and North Africa MEP Member of the European Parliament MMR Maternal mortality ratio MOH Ministry of Health MSI Marie Stopes International MSSL Marie Stopes Sierra Leone M&E Monitoring and evaluation NAPAs National Adaptation Programmes of Action NDSS Navrongo Demographic Surveillance System (Ghana) NET-EN Noristerat (also known as norethindrone (or norethisterone) enanthate NGO Non-governmental organization NICU Neonatal intensive care unit List of Abbreviations ix NPFPC National Population and Family Planning Commission (China) ODA Offi cial development assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PAAL Pharm Access Africa, Ltd. PAC Post abortion care PEPFAR President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (United States) PHE Population, health and environment PMTCT Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV PID Pelvic infl ammatory disease PNA Performance needs assessment PoA Programme of Action PPAL Planned Parenthood Association of Liberia PRAMS Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (United States) PrEP Pre-exposure prophylaxis RH Reproductive health RTI Reproductive tract infection SART Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (United States) SC Spontaneously (naturally) conceived SFDA State Food and Drug Administration (China) SRH Sexual and reproductive health SRHR Sexual and reproductive health and rights SRA Strict regulatory authority SSA Sub-Saharan Africa STD Sexually transmitted disease STI Sexually transmitted infection TFR Total fertility rate THINK Touching Humans In Need of Kindness (Liberian NGO) UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USA United States of America USAID United States Agency for International Development USFDA (United States) Food and Drug Administration WHO World Health Organization WIC Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (United States)