Critical Gerontology Comes of Age Critical Gerontology Comes of Agereflects on how baby boomers, caretakers, and health professionals are perceiving and adapting to historical, social, political, and cultural changes that call into question prior assumptions about aging and life progression. Through an exploration of earlier and later-life stages and the dynamic changes in intergenerational relations, chapter authors reexamine the research, methods, and scope of critical gerontology, a multidisciplinary field that speaks to the experiences of life in the 21st century. Topics include Medicare, privatization of home care, incarceration, outreach to LGTBQ elders, migration, and chronic illness. Grounded in innovative research and case studies, this volume reflects multiple perspectives and is accessible to lay readers, advanced undergraduates and graduate students, and professionals in many fields. Chris Wellin, PhD, is an associate professor of sociology and coordinator of gerontology programs at Illinois State University. In addition to publishing articles in numerous professional journals, Dr. Wellin was commissioned by a Committee of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 2008 to review and assess ethno - graphic research on direct caregiving for older and/or disabled people. He served from 2009 to 2011 as chair of the Division on Youth, Aging, and the Life Course in the Society for the Study of Social Problems. Critical Gerontology Comes of Age Advances in Research and Theory for a New Century Edited by Chris Wellin First published 2018 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2018 Taylor & Francis The right of Chris Wellin to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Wellin, Christopher, editor. Title: Critical gerontology comes of age : advances in research and theory for a new century / edited by Chris Wellin. Description: First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. Identifiers: LCCN 2017057708 | ISBN 9781138630277 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781138630284 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781315209371 (e-book) Subjects: LCSH: Gerontology. | Social gerontology. | Aging—Social aspects. | Older people—Care. | Older transsexuals—Care. Classification: LCC HQ1061 .C694 2018 | DDC 305.26—dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017057708 ISBN: 978-1-138-63027-7 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-63028-4 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-20937-1 (ebk) Typeset in Minion by Florence Production Ltd, Stoodleigh, Devon, UK Contents About the Contributors vii Acknowledgments x 1 Introductory Chapter: The Need for, and Fruits of, a Current Critical Gerontology 1 Chris Wellin 2 A First-Generation Critic Comes of Age Revisited: Reflections of a Critical Gerontologist 19 Carroll L. Estes 3 Critical Questions for Critical Gerontology (and Critical Gerontologists) 35 Harry R. Moody and Jennifer R. Sasser 4 Qualifying the Aging Enterprise: Micro- and Meso-Level Studies in Human Service Organizations 46 Gale Miller and Alexandra Crampton 5 Who are You in Medicare and You? Examining This Second Person 62 Timothy Diamond v vi Contents 6 Who Rules Home Care? The Impacts of Privatization on Profitability, Cost, and Quality 79 William Cabin 7 Challenges and Achievements Regarding Outreach to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Elders: Perspectives from Nursing 92 Marcena Gabrielson 8 Paid Caregiving for Older Adults with Serious or Chronic Illness: Ethnographic Perspectives, Evidence, and Implications for Training 112 Chris Wellin 9 Silver Alert: Societal Aging, Dementia, and Framing a Social Problem 134 Gina Petonito and Glenn W. Muschert 10 Aging in Places 151 Stacy Torres 11 Meanings of Age and Aging among Older, Incarcerated Women: Implications for Adaptation and Policy Reform 164 Leah M. Janssen 12 How Thinking about Children from a Global Perspective Can Fortify Social Gerontology 193 Maria Schmeeckle 13 Lost in the “Big World”?: Korean College Students Coming of Age in the United States 208 Kirsten Younghee Song 14 Migration and Gendered Webs of Obligation: Caring for my Elderly Puerto Rican Mother in a Transnational Context 225 Maura I. Toro-Morn Index 243 About the Contributors William(Bill) Cabin (PhD, City University of New York) is assistant professor of social work at Temple University. In addition to aging, his interests include home health care, palliative care, and hospice care. Alexandra Crampton (MSW, PhD, University of Michigan) is an associate professor in the Department of Social and Cultural Sciences, Marquette University. She earned her MSW and a joint PhD in anthropology and social work from the University of Michigan. Her research interests are in social interv entions for populations identified as vulnerable due to age (i.e., children and older adults) and in the use of alternative dispute resolution as one such social intervention. Timothy Diamond (PhD, Ohio State University) is at work on a book about health care as a right. He is the author of Making Gray Gold: Narratives of Nursing Home Care,and lives in Colorado. Carroll L. Estes(PhD, University of California, San Diego) is professor emerita at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and the founding director of the Institution for Health & Aging at UCSF. Estes, who in 2014 was awarded the University of California Medal, the university’s highest recognition, has authored, co-authored, or co-edited twenty-four books. Marcena Gabrielson (RN, PhD, University of Iowa) was awarded a John A. Hartford Fellowship and taught at Illinois State University and Milliken University. She is currently balancing teaching with advanced training in clinical nursing. vii viii About the Contributors Leah M. Janssen (MGS, Miami University) is a doctoral student in social gerontology at Miami University and Scripps Gerontology Center. She directed personal and professional development programs for older adults and single mothers in central Wyoming and northern Kentucky. Her research focuses on whole-person growth and development, recognizing the importance of social and relational intelligence in gerontology. Gale Miller(PhD, University of Kansas) is emeritus professor of sociology in the Department of Social and Cultural Sciences, Marquette University. He has long-standing research interests in the sociology of troubles and social problems, social theory and institutions. Harry R. Moody (PhD, Columbia University) is retired vice president of academic affairs for the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP),.He iscurrently visiting professor at Tohoku University in Japan, and distinguished visiting scholar atFielding Graduate University. He previously served as executive director of the Brookdale Centeron Aging at Hunter College and chairman of the board of Elderhostel (now Road Scholar). Glenn W. Muschert (PhD, University of Colorado at Boulder) is professor of sociology and social justice studies at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. His areas of scholarly interest are in digital sociology, technologies of social control, and the sociology of social problems. Gina Petonito (PhD, Syracuse University) is an associate professor in the Social and Behavioral Sciences Program at Miami University Regionals.She is also affiliated with the Sociology and Gerontology Program at Miami University, Oxford. Her main research area is the social construction of the other centering on race and ethnic categorization. Most recently, she has focused on the ways claims makers construct surveillance practices of elders as forms of caring, rather than forms of control. Jennifer (Jenny) Sasser (PhD, Oregon State University) is an educational gerontologist, transdisciplinary scholar, and community activist. She has been working in the field of gerontology for more than half her life, beginning as a nursing assistant and aging advocate. She served as chair of the Department of Human Sciences and founding director of Gerontology at Marylhurst University, in Portland, Oregon, from 1999 to 2015. Maria Schmeeckle(PhD, University of Southern California) is associate professor of sociology in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Illinois State University. Her areas of interest include children and childhood, marriage and family relationships, global and transnational sociology, intersectionality, aging, and the life course. Kirsten Younghee Song (PhD, Rutgers University)is a visiting assistant professor at the Department of Sociology and Anthropology in West Virginia University. Her research has focused on transnationalism, international migration, culture, identity, life course, and adulthood transition. About the Contributors ix Maura I. Toro-Morn(PhD, Loyola University of Chicago) is professor of sociology and director of Latin American and Latino/a Studies at Illinois State University. As a scholar in the fields of immigration and sociology, she has always been curious about why people move, how, and what are the consequences of their movements; thus, she has devoted much of her career to studying migration in global perspective. Stacy Torres(PhD, New York University) is assistant professor of sociology in the Department of Sociology, University at Albany, SUNY. Her areas of interest include gender, family, health, urban communities, qualitative methodology, aging, and the life course. Chris Wellin(PhD, Northwestern University) is associate professor of sociology and coordinator of gerontology programs in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Illinois State University. In addition to aging and the life course, his interests include the study of occupations and careers and qualitative research methods.