critical and creative perspectives on fairy tales series in fairy- tale studies General Editor Donald Haase, Wayne State University Advisory Editors Cristina Bacchilega, University of Hawai’i, Maˉnoa Stephen Benson, University of East Anglia Nancy L. Canepa, Dartmouth College Isabel Cardigos, University of Algarve Anne E. Duggan, Wayne State University Janet Langlois, Wayne State University Ulrich Marzolph, University of Göttingen Carolina Fernández Rodríguez, University of Oviedo John Stephens, Macquarie University Maria Tatar, Harvard University Holly Tucker, Vanderbilt University Jack Zipes, University of Minnesota A complete listing of the books in this series can be found online at wsupress.wayne.edu CRITICAL AND CREATIVE PERSPECTIVES ON F A I R Y TA L E S An Intertextual Dialogue between Fairy-Tale Scholarship and Postmodern Retellings Vanessa Joosen wayne state university press detroit © 2011 by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, Michigan 48201. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without formal permission. Manufactured in the United States of America. 15 14 13 12 11 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Joosen, Vanessa, 1977– Critical and creative perspectives on fairy tales : an intertextual dialogue between fairy-tale scholarship and postmodern retellings / Vanessa Joosen. p. cm.—(Series in fairy-tale studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8143-3452-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Fairy tales—History and criticism. 2. Fairy tales in literature. 3. Intertextuality. 4. Fairy tales—Adaptations—History and criticism. I. Title. PN3437.J66 2011 809.3'915—dc22 2010034197 Published with the assistance of a fund established by Thelma Gray James of Wayne State University for the publication of folklore and En glish studies. Adapted from a design by Chang Jae Lee Typeset by Westchester Book Composition Composed in Fournier Regular and Zurich Written in the fond memory of a grandmother, a wolf, and a little girl This page intentionally left blank Contents Ac know ledg ments ix Introduction 1 1. An Intertextual Approach to Fairy- Tale Criticism and Fairy- Tale Retellings 9 2. Marcia K. Lieberman’s “Some Day My Prince Will Come” 49 3. Bruno Bettelheim’s The Uses of Enchantment 123 4. Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s The Madwoman in the Attic 215 Conclusion 299 Notes 307 Works Cited 325 Index 349 Illustration Credits 361 This page intentionally left blank Ac know ledg ments In the course of completing this work I was fortunate, to use Vladimir Propp’s terminology, to meet with more helpers than adversaries. My research was funded with an FWO scholarship, and I am grateful for their belief in my research project and for their fi nancial support. I am most indebted to Ben- jamin Biebuyck, Geert Lernout, and Katrien Vloeberghs for their elaborate comments on my work and for their support over many years. Various people have off ered pieces of advice in the course of my research, and their feedback and encouragement have been invaluable. They include, in alpha- betical order, Sandra Beckett, Ruth Bottigheimer, Majo De Saedeleer, Toin Duijx, Donald Haase, Ute Heidmann, Gillian Lathey, Vivian Liska, Har- linda Lox, David Rudd, Lisa Sainsbury, Karen Sands O’Connor, Claudia Soeff ner, Jan Van Coillie, Dirk Van Hulle, Lies Wesseling, Christine Wilkie- Stibbs, and Jack Zipes. I wish to thank three scholars in part icu lar: Kim- berley Reynolds, Maria Nikolajeva, and Helma van Lierop- Debrauwer. I believe that they help to secure the future of children’s literature studies, not only through the quality of their work but also through the unrelenting support that they give to young scholars. I feel grateful to have been, on several occasions, the benefi ciary of their generous help. Much appreciated practical assistance and moral support were granted to me by Laura Atkins, Anke Brouwers, Eva Devos, Lien Fret, and Katrien Jacobs. Finally, I thank my parents, my in- laws, and my dearest Wouter, Aurelie, and Sebastiaan for granting me the chance to write this book, and for the joy, love, and distraction that they gave me when it was completed.