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WCN 02-300 13TH EDITION T H E O R I E S , PAT T E R N S , A N D T Y P O L O G I E S LARRY J. SIEGEL University of Massachusetts, Lowell Australia ● Brazil ● Mexico ● Singapore ● United Kingdom ● United States Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300 Criminology: Theories, Patterns, and © 2018, 2016 Cengage Learning Typologies, Thirteenth Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein Larry J. Siegel may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the Senior Product Director: Marta Lee-Perriard copyright owner. Senior Product Manager: Carolyn Henderson Meier For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Senior Content Developer: Shelley Murphy Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706. 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Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Cengage Learning Solutions, visit www.cengage.com. Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com. Printed in the United States of America Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2016 Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300 This book is dedicated to my children, Eric, Julie, Rachel, and Andrew; my grandchildren, Jack, Brooke, and Kayla Jean; my sons-in-law, Jason Macy and Patrick Stephens; and my wife, partner, and best friend, Therese J. Libby. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300 Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300 AABBOOUUTT TTHHEE AAUUTTHHOORR Larry J. Siegel was born in the Bronx, New York. While Dr. Siegel has written extensively in the area of crime and living on Jerome Avenue and attending City College (CCNY) justice, including books on juvenile law, delinquency, crimi- in the 1960s, he was swept up in the social and political nology, criminal justice, and criminal procedure. He is a currents of the time. He became intrigued with the influence court-certified expert on police conduct and has testified in contemporary culture had on individual behavior: did peo- numerous legal cases. The father of four and grandfather of ple shape society or did society shape people? He applied his three, Larry Siegel now resides in Naples, Florida, with his interest in social forces and human behavior to the study of wife, Terry, and their two dogs, Watson and Cody. crime and justice. After graduating from CCNY, he attended the newly opened program in criminal justice at the State University of New York at Albany, where he earned both his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees. After completing his graduate work, Dr. Siegel began his teaching career at Northeastern University, where he was a faculty member for nine years. After leaving Northeastern, he held teaching positions at the University of Nebraska, Omaha, and Saint Anselm College in New Hampshire, and the School of Criminology and Justice Shteteau ctdahiuiengsgh a tot nftolhrine 2 eU7 c noyiuevaresrrses;si thiyne ocisfr iMnmoaiwnsso aalo cpghryuo safeentsdtss o,cr rL iemomwineeralillt ,uj uwss,h tsiectriele.l Terry and Larry Siegel at their daughter’s wedding dinner. Lois Fichner-Rathus v Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300 Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300 BRIEF CONTENTS PART ONE CONCEPTS OF CRIME, LAW, AND CRIMINOLOGY 1 1 Crime and Criminology 3 2 The Nature and Extent of Crime 27 3 Victims and Victimization 69 PART TWO THEORIES OF CRIME CAUSATION 99 4 Rational Choice Theory 101 5 Trait Theories 139 6 Social Structure Theories 187 7 Social Process Theories: Socialization and Society 233 8 Social Conflict, Critical Criminology, and Restorative Justice 271 9 Developmental Theories: Life Course, Latent Trait, and Trajectory 305 PART THREE CRIME TYPOLOGIES 343 10 Interpersonal Violence 345 11 Political Crime and Terrorism 393 12 Property Crime 431 13 Enterprise Crime: White-Collar, Green, and Transnational Organized Crime 461 14 Public Order Crime: Sex and Substance Abuse 503 15 Crimes of the New Millennium: Cybercrime 547 vii Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300 Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300