CresCent over Another horizon THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK CresCent over Another horizon Islam in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Latino USA edited by MAríA del MAr logroño nArbonA, PAulo g. Pinto, And John tofik kArAM   University of texAs Press   Austin Copyright © 2015 by the University of Texas Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First edition, 2015 Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to: Permissions University of Texas Press P.O. Box 7819 Austin, TX 78713- 7819 http://utpress.utexas.edu/index.php/rp- form ♾ The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of Ansi/niso z39.48- 1992 (r1997) (Permanence of Paper). librAry of Congress CAtAloging- in- PubliCAtion dAtA Crescent over another horizon : Islam in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Latino USA / edited by María del Mar Logroño Narbona, Paulo G. Pinto, and John Tofik Karam. — First edition.   pages  cm  Includes index.  ISBN 978-1-4773-0229-3 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-4773-0230-9 (library e-book) — ISBN 978-1-4773-0231-6 (nonlibrary e-book) 1. Muslims—Latin America—Ethnic identity. 2. Muslims—Caribbean Area—Ethnic identity. 3. Muslims—United States—Ethnic identity. 4. Islam—Latin America. 5. Islam—Caribbean Area. 6. Islam—United States. I. Logroño Narbona, María del Mar, editor. II. Pinto, Paulo Gabriel Hilu da Rocha, editor. III. Karam, John Tofik, editor.  f1419.M87C74 2015  305.6'9708—dc23 2015009519 doi:10.7560/302293 PArA los MusulMAnes y lAs MusulMAnAs que hiCieron y hACen lAs AMériCAs PArA os/As MuçulMAnos/As que fizerAM e fAzeM As AMériCAs THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction: Latino America in the Umma/the Umma in Latino America 1 John Tofik Karam, María del Mar Logroño Narbona, and Paulo G. Pinto PArt 1. Reconsidering History ChAPter one. “De los Prohibidos”: Muslims and Moriscos in Colonial Spanish America 25 Karoline P. Cook ChAPter two. African Rebellion and Refuge on the Edge of Empire 46 John Tofik Karam ChAPter three. Ethnic and Religious Identification among Muslim East Indians in Suriname (1898–1954) 63 Ellen Bal and Kathinka Sinha- Kerkhoff PArt 2. Contemporary Cartographies ChAPter four. Institutionalizing Islam in Argentina: Comparing Community and Identity Configurations 85 Silvia Montenegro ChAPter five. Conversion, Revivalism, and Tradition: The Religious Dynamics of Muslim Communities in Brazil 107 Paulo G. Pinto ChAPter six. Guests of Islam: Conversion and the Institutionalization of Islam in Mexico 144 Camila Pastor de Maria y Campos ChAPter seven. Cubans Searching for a New Faith in a New Context 190 Luis Mesa Delmonte viii Contents ChAPter eight. Muslims in Martinique 206 Liliane Kuczynski ChAPter nine. Forming Islamic Religious Identity among Trinidadians in the Age of Social Networks 225 Halima- Saʿadia Kassim PArt 3. Islam Latina/o ChAPter ten. Dis- covering a Historical Consciousness: The Creation of a US Latina/o Muslim Identity 255 Hjamil A. Martínez- Vázquez ChAPter eleven. Mapping Muslim Communities in “Hispanicized” South Florida 276 Mirsad Krijestorac ChAPter twelve. Double- Edged Marginality and Agency: Latina Conversion to Islam 304 Yesenia King and Michael P. Perez Conclusion 325 List of Contributors 331 Index 337 ACknowledgMents CresCent over Another horizon is a collaborative volume in which multiple efforts have coalesced. A research and dissemination grant from the Social Science Research Council (ssrC)– Carnegie Foundation provided the opportunity to help formulate this volume more than three years ago. Its funding of a project to disseminate information about Islam in Latin America together with the support of the Latin American and Caribbean Center (lACC) at Florida International University (fiu) in 2009–2010 were instru- mental in providing the editors and some of the contributors to this volume the opportunity to meet and share the results of their research on different occasions. The project built on an informal network of scholars from Latin American and US institutions and aimed at sharing and popularizing their cutting- edge work beyond academic circles. The editors want to thank Tom Asher and the team at the ssrC for their support in yet another intellectual endeavor. John Stack, director of the School of International and Public Af- fairs; Cristina Eguizabal, then director of lACC at fiu; and Mohiaddin Mes- bahi, then director of the Middle East Studies Center at fiu, have been avid supporters of this project since its inception. However, as Evelyn Alsultany and Ella Shohat have acknowledged in Be- tween the Middle East and the Americas: The Cultural Politics of Diaspora, this project “was probably in the making long before we actually” started it. The editors met more than ten years ago for the first time in Niteroi, Brazil, on the occasion of the opening of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at the Uni- versidade Federal Fluminense. Paul Amar and Paulo Gabriel Hilu da Rocha Pinto were then two young scholars who set the ground for many years of intellectual collaborations to come, including this volume. The editors are particularly indebted to the staff of the University of Texas Press and particularly senior editor Jim Burr for their continuous support and encouragement in making this volume possible. Likewise, the editors want to thank all scholars in this volume, as this project would not have been possible without their contributions. We also wish to thank Hanna AlShaikh for her editing of an earlier draft. Last, but not least, we have dedicated this volume to Muslims in the Americas, many of whom have had the generosity to let researchers enter their lives. We all sincerely hope they feel satisfied with the analyses and representations contained in these pages.