CREATING DISCIPLING CULTURES THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF SHARED METAPHOR A THESIS-PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GORDON-CONWELL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTORATE OF MINISTRY BY PATRICK S. GRABENDIKE MAY 2018 Copyright ©2018 by Patrick Scott Grabendike. All Rights Reserved. To my beautiful wife, Kara, my best friend in life and to Caleb and Chloe, the best kids for which a father could ever hope. CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS v No Drop Ride Picture ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi ABSTRACT vii CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM IN ITS SETTING 1 CHAPTER II: THEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS 17 CHAPTER III: LITERATURE REVIEW 46 CHAPTER IV: PROJECT DESIGN, NO DROP RIDE 74 CHAPTER V: OUTCOME 99 APPENDIX 121 A. No Drop Ride Questionnaire B. No Drop Ride Results BIBLIOGRAPHY 126 VITA 133 �iv ILLUSTRATIONS
 Original No Drop Ride Metaphor Image �v Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge Greg Marshall, my colleague in life and ministry, whose creativity and personal maturity helped make this project a reality. I would also like to thank the No Drop Ride Metaphor Team for their creativity and collaboration, which resulted in a beautiful picture of the life of discipleship. Thank you for thinking outside of the box and helping create something that will last in the hearts of many. Your work will not be forgotten, friends! In addition, I would like to thank Westbrook Church for granting me the tremendous privilege of leading them as their senior pastor for eight years. Riding together was truly something special and I am forever changed because of your love and investment in me. �vi Abstract This thesis-project is intended to aid students and ministry leaders in creating discipling cultures through the development of shared metaphor. It includes the theological foundations for discipleship as well as the creative process of conveying said discipleship through creative language and visual tools. The project addresses the linguistic challenge Christian Churches can experience because of generational and theological differences. The project is the culmination of Westbrook Church’s experience as it sought to create congregational ministry alignment by means of new metaphor which collectively expressed the mission of the Church of Matthew 28:18-20. It includes the collaborative effort of focus group participants, facilitator, as well as the author, Scott Grabendike. The conclusion is that a church community can elevate the expectation for spiritual growth and alignment through collaboration and the creation of a shared metaphor for discipleship. �vii CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM IN ITS SETTING I am not a big country music fan. I admitted this once to my preaching coach, Tom Nebel, and he gave me this challenge: “If you want to become a better preacher, listen to country music.”1 He said, “You will find that many country music songs paint us a picture of life’s complexity and they do so in a couple of simple lines.” I reluctantly followed his advice and found the truth in his statement. There is no better example than Miranda Lambert’s song, Automatic. In the song, she reminds the listener of an age, in the not too distant past, when things did not come as easily to us as they do now. The chorus beckons us back to a simpler day when things didn’t happen automatically: Hey, whatever happened to waitin' your turn Doing it all by hand, 'Cause when everything is handed to you It's only worth as much as the time put in It all just seemed so good the way we had it Back before everything became automatic.2 Ms. Lambert is not necessarily suggesting we go back to handwritten messages, crank windows and Polaroid cameras, but she is suggesting that we have all become a little too comfortable. The song reminds us that there are endeavors in life that are only worth the time we put into them. This has and always will be true. 1 Dr. Tom Nebel has served in a number of ministry capacities, most notably as a church planter, pastor, and regional/national/and international director of Church Planting for Converge Worldwide where he has been involved in the planting of over 800 new congregations. He has authored six books on the subject of starting new churches, most recently Leading Church Multiplication Locally, Regionally, and Nationally. 2 Lambert, Miranda, RCA Record Label 88883-79278-2, 2014, compact disk. �1 If we were honest, we would admit that our expectation for the Christian life is that it should be automatic and effortless. The Christian life is much more like a manual transmission on a car. A life of faith and love in Jesus requires labor, effort and constant attention. As Dallas Willard has stated, “Grace is not opposed to effort, it is opposed to earning. Earning is attitude. Effort is action.”3 In our active response to grace, we sometimes get it wrong; we can grind the gearbox, stall, and sometimes miss shifts, all while trying to get the vehicle moving toward a life of increasing obedience. Discipleship is not automatic. My thesis is creating discipling cultures through the development of shared metaphor. This thesis-project is centered in my eight years as senior pastor of Westbrook Church in Hartland, Wisconsin. I am no longer the senior pastor of this church. Technically, it no longer exists because of a church merger that I initiated with the sending church that planted Westbrook 34 years ago. I am grateful for the amazing people who labored together in love and provided a living representation of the love of Jesus to the surrounding community. Our eight years there were not automatic, but they were definitely worth the time we put in. This thesis is an attempt to make sense of how one church labored together to live out the Great Commission within its context. As we discussed how to make disciples, we recognized we had to first define what we meant by discipleship. The problem we experienced in our church was that we all agreed conceptually about making disciples as the aim of our church, but we often had very different understandings of what this meant. Most of our differences 3 Dallas Willard, The Great Omission: Reclaiming Jesus's Essential Teachings on Discipleship (New York: Harper Collins e-book, 2006), 75. �2 revolved around our generational preferences rather than the biblical mandate and mission found in Matthew 28. These preferences were revealed in two primary differences in (1) methodology and (2) measurements. Methodology: The older generations in our church (Builders and Boomers) preferred a top-down, mentor/mentee model whereas the younger generations (Generation X and Millennials) preferred a peer-to-peer approach. The church was almost equally divided by these two groups. The older generations felt unneeded by the younger generations. From their perspective, younger people did not feel a need to learn from the older generations. The younger generations desired to meet with older, more mature believers, but desired peer-to-peer relationships. Moreover, the older generations voiced a preference for more staff- driven church programs, whereas the younger generations preferred less structure and more relationally driven methodologies. The assumption by the older generations was that if the institution supported a program for discipleship, people would naturally want to be a part of it. Conversely, the younger generations were more resistant to being part of anything that felt overly institutional. In their book, Unchristian: What a New Generation Really Thinks About Christianity…And Why It Matters, authors David Kinnaman and Gabe Lyons point out the suspicions that both Gen X (“Busters”) and Millennials (Mosaics) have regarding institutions. Being skeptical of leaders, products and institutions is part of their institutional coding (Busters tend to express skepticism layered with cynicism, and Mosaics do the same with extreme self-confidence). They do not trust things that seem too perfect, accepting that life �3