‘This book is a substantial addition to our knowledge about the importance of the natural environment to people with dementia. It ofers a variety of fascinating and thought-provoking perspectives on diferent cultural and individual perceptions of nature and the outside world. With increasing realisation that it is possible to live well with dementia, this collection of papers should be essential reading on a vital but unexplored aspect of person-centred care.’ – Richard Humphries, Assistant Director (Policy), The King’s Fund, London ‘Marshall and Gilliard challenge us to think beyond the threshold of the care home and what are all too often poorly utilised token corners of green. They address the consequences of being contained, constrained and chemically controlled, but at its heart is a demand to think big, listen and support people with dementia to beneft from getting outside; is that too much to ask?’ – Colm Cunningham, Visiting Professor at the University of Salford and Director, HammondCare Dementia Centre, Australia ‘This wonderful book made my heart sing – a powerful exploration of the rich diversity of our lived experience of the outside world, the connection between mother nature and human nature and our collective need for breathing spaces that we recognise, that can bring a deep sense of familiarity, that let us know we are valid, that our place in a world we recognise is intact. Read this book and be inspired to connect people with dementia to outdoor spaces that will resonate with them – this will change their lives and bring them moments of peace, clarity and well-being.’ – Andy Bradley, Founding Director, Frameworks 4 Change by the same editors Transforming the Quality of Life for People with Dementia through Contact with the Natural World Fresh Air on My Face Edited by Jane Gilliard and Mary Marshall ISBN 978 1 84905 267 2 eISBN 978 0 85700 544 1 of related interest Design for Nature in Dementia Care Garuth Chalfont Bradford Dementia Group Good Practice Guides series ISBN 978 1 84310 571 8 eISBN 978 1 84642 676 6 Personalisation and Dementia A Guide for Person-Centred Practice Helen Sanderson and Gill Bailey ISBN 978 1 84905 379 2 eISBN 978 0 85700 734 6 Risk Assessment and Management for Living Well with Dementia Charlotte L. Clarke, Heather Wilkinson, John Keady and Catherine E. Gibb Bradford Dementia Group Good Practice Guides series ISBN 978 1 84905 005 0 eISBN 978 0 85700 519 9 Leadership for Person-Centred Dementia Care Buz Loveday Bradford Dementia Group Good Practice Guides series ISBN 978 1 84905 229 0 eISBN 978 0 85700 691 2 The Pool Activity Level (PAL) Instrument for Occupational Profling A Practical Resource for Carers of People with Cognitive Impairment 4th edition Jackie Pool Bradford Dementia Group Good Practice Guides series ISBN 978 1 84905 221 4 eISBN 978 0 85700 463 5 Enriched Care Planning for People with Dementia A Good Practice Guide to Delivering Person-Centred Care Hazel May, Paul Edwards and Dawn Brooker Bradford Dementia Group Good Practice Guides series ISBN 978 1 84310 405 6 eISBN 978 1 84642 960 6 Creating Culturally Appropriate Outside Spaces and Experiences for People with Dementia Using Nature and the Outdoors in Person-Centred Care Edited by Mary Marshall and Jane Gilliard Jessica Kingsley Publishers London and Philadelphia Figure 5.4 (page 77) reproduced with permission from The King’s Fund, London. First published in 2014 by Jessica Kingsley Publishers 73 Collier Street London N1 9BE, UK and 400 Market Street, Suite 400 Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA www.jkp.com Copyright © Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Safron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher. Warning: The doing of an unauthorised act in relation to a copyright work may result in both a civil claim for damages and criminal prosecution. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 84905 514 7 eISBN 978 0 85700 927 2 Printed and bound in Great Britain Contents Acknowledgements 7 Introduction: Why Do We Need to Understand Cultural Diferences? 9 Mary Marshall, Emeritus Professor, University of Stirling, Scotland, and Jane Gilliard, formerly National Programme Manager (Implementation), National Dementia Strategy, UK 1. A Family’s Perspective on Nature and Dementia: Using the Great Outdoors to Help the Inner Person 26 Beth Britton, dementia campaigner and care consultant, writer and blogger, UK 2. Nature for People with Dementia in Japan: Some Examples of Horticultural Activities in Japanese Care Homes 35 Yutaka Inoue, professor of Real Estate Sciences, Meikai University, Japan 3. Getting Out and About in the British Countryside: Dementia Adventure 45 Neil Mapes, founder and director of Dementia Adventure CIC, UK On Aran 57 Patrick Brenchley 4. Some Southern African Understandings of Nature 59 Margaret-Anne Tibbs, social worker, UK 5. Contact with the Natural World within Hospital Care 68 Sarah Waller, programme director, Enhancing the Healing Environment, The King’s Fund, UK, and Abigail Masterson, nurse and experienced evaluator of service and practice developments, UK 6. How Norwegian People with Dementia Experience Nature 79 Sidsel Bjørneby, retired occupational therapist and senior lecturer, Oslo Municipal Geriatric Resource, Norway 7. How People with Dementia Experience Nature in Rural and Island Scottish Communities 89 Gillean Maclean, Church of Scotland Minister and former registered nurse, Scotland Taking to the Hills 95 Jean Howitt 8. Digging Up the Roots: Nature and Dementia for First Nation Elders 96 Wendy Hulko, associate professor, Thompson Rivers University, Canada 9. A Sense of Place: An Anthroposophic Approach 105 Judith Jones, Simeon Care for the Elderly, Scotland 10. Nature in the Lives of an Urban Population with Dementia in North East England 119 Karen Franks, consultant old-age psychiatrist, Gateshead, UK, and Kate Andrews, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, UK 11. Memories of an Urban Childhood with a Nearby Wood 126 James McKillop, MBE 12. Dementia and Landscapes: Cultural Attitudes Towards Nature 129 Joan Domicelj, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientifc and Cultural Organization) and ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites), Australia Conclusion: How Do We Make Outside Spaces Familiar and Life-Afrming? 139 Mary Marshall and Jane Gilliard References and Further Reading 144 About the Editors 148 About the Authors 149 Subject Index 152 Author Index 159 Acknowledgements Grateful thanks to Dr Jamal Hilal, an old-age psychiatrist at St George’s Park Hospital for the Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, NHS Foundation Mental Health Trust, whose refections we used to illustrate the Introduction. He was born and lived in the Sudan until the early 1990s and returns regularly to visit his family and contribute to teaching programmes. He has worked in diferent parts of his country, Sudan, including the southern region, which is a separate country now. Wendy Hulko would like to acknowledge the Secwepemc Nation and colleagues from Interior Health (IH) and Thompson Rivers University (TRU) for collaborating on the programme of research, particularly Danielle Wilson and Brad Anderson of Aboriginal Health, Elisabeth Antifeau of IH, and Star Mahara of TRU Nursing. A special thank you to Jennifer Mackie for commenting on an earlier draft of Wendy’s chapter. Funding for the work came from the Interior Health Authority, Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research, Canadian Dementia Knowledge Translation Network, Alzheimer Society of Canada, and Canadian Institutes of Health Research. 7