CRAFTING CIVILIANCONTROL OFTHEMILITARY INVENEZUELA This page intentionally left blank CRAFTING CIVILIAN CONTROL OF THE MILITARY IN VENEZUELA A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE n HaroldA.Trinkunas TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaPress ChapelHill ©2005TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaPress Allrightsreserved ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica DesignedbyAmyRuthBuchanan SetinMinionbyTsengInformationSystems,Inc. Thepaperinthisbookmeetstheguidelinesfor permanenceanddurabilityoftheCommitteeon ProductionGuidelinesforBookLongevityof theCouncilonLibraryResources. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in- PublicationData Trinkunas,HaroldA. CraftingciviliancontrolofthemilitaryinVenezuela: acomparativeperspective/HaroldA.Trinkunas. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ---(cloth:alk.paper)— ---(pbk.:alk.paper) .Civil-militaryrelations—Venezuela—History— thcentury. .Democratization—Venezuela. .Venezuela—Politicsandgovernment—th century. I.Title. .  '.'—dc  cloth           paper           TOLUBAANDSOPHIE This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS n Acknowledgments n xi Abbreviations n xiii 1.DemocracyandCivilianControloftheArmed Forces:VenezuelainComparativePerspective n  2.ALostOpportunity:TheFailureof DemocratizationinVenezuela,– n  3.TheTransitiontoDemocracyinVenezuela: StrategizingCivilianControl n  4.StatecraftandMilitarySubordination inVenezuela,– n  5.CivilianControlunderFire:ResistingChallenges fromtheMilitaryinVenezuela, n  6.RevolutionizingCivil-MilitaryRelations? HugoChávezandtheFifthRepublicinVenezuela, – n  7.AssessingtheRelationshipbetweenCivilian ControloftheMilitaryandtheConsolidation ofDemocracy n  Notes n  References n  Index n  This page intentionally left blank FIGURES AND TABLES n Figures . StateJurisdictionalBoundaries:WhereIsMilitaryParticipation MostThreateningtoDemocracy?  . PossibleOutcomesinCivil-MilitaryRelationsFollowinga TransitiontoDemocracy  . TypesofJurisdictionalBoundariesinEmergingDemocracies  . Civil-MilitaryJurisdictionalBoundaries,ca.:Institutional ReformsExpandMilitaryAutonomyandJurisdiction  . Civil-MilitaryJurisdictionalBoundaries,ca.:TheArmedForces PreparetoTakePower  . Civil-MilitaryJurisdictionalBoundaries,ca.June:Priorto CastroLeónCoupAttempt  . Civil-MilitaryJurisdictionalBoundaries,ca.December: GovernmentStrategiesReduceMilitaryJurisdiction  . Civil-MilitaryJurisdictionalBoundaries,ca.:Consolidating ControlbyContainmentofArmedForces  . Civil-MilitaryJurisdictionalBoundaries,ca.: CounterinsurgencyWarfareExpandsArmedForces’Jurisdictional Boundaries  . Civil-MilitaryJurisdictionalBoundaries,ca.:CivilianControl byContainmentIsConsolidated  . Civil-MilitaryJurisdictionalBoundaries,ca.:Increased PoliticizationofArmedForcesReducesTheirAutonomy  . Civil-MilitaryJurisdictionalBoundaries,ca.:ArmedForces DrawnintoInternalSecurity  . Civil-MilitaryJurisdictionalBoundaries,ca.:Expansive MilitaryJurisdictionsThreatenCivilianControl 