Editorial Rob Franek, VP Test Prep Books, Publisher Seamus Mullarkey, Associate Publisher Laura Braswell, Senior Editor Selena Coppock, Editor Heather Brady, Editor Random House Publishing Group Tom Russell, Publisher Nicole Benhabib, Publishing Manager Ellen L. Reed, Production Manager Alison Stoltzfus, Managing Editor The Princeton Review, Inc. 111 Speen Street Suite 550 Framingham, MA 01701 E-mail: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First to my wife, Sharon, for all her support. To Jerry Bentley and Howard Spodek, whose texts provided an initial framework. To Ellen Mendlow and Alex Freer, who helped a )rst-time author chart the rough waters. And last, to all my students, who keep me coming back to the classroom. —M.A. I would like to thank my husband, Paul, and son, Jordan, for being patient and understanding and enduring innumerable pizza dinners while I worked on this book. I’d also like to thank Monty Armstrong, David Daniel, and the editors for all of their help and encouragement. Because this book covers an extremely broad discipline, they each gave me positive feedback and improved the portions of this book that I authored. —A.K. Thank you to Claudia Milne for her valuable additions and updates. CONTENTS Introduction PART I: HOW TO CRACK THE SYSTEM 1 Welcome to the World of AP World History 2 Cracking the Multiple-Choice Section 3 Cracking the Essay Questions 4 Cracking the Document-Based Question (DBQ) 5 Cracking the Free-Response Questions PART II: THE AP WORLD HISTORY REVIEW 6 Ancient Stuff: Around 8000 B.C.E. to Around 600 C.E. History Review through 600 C.E. Nomads: Follow the Food Settling Down: The Neolithic Revolution The Big, Early Civilizations: The Rivers Deliver Early Mesoamerica and Andean South America: For Every Rule There’s an Exception The Classical Civilizations: Mesoamerica The Classical Civilizations: India and China The Classical Civilizations: Mediterranean Late Classical Period: Empires Collapse, and People on the Move Major Belief Systems through 600 C.E. Technology and Innovations through 600 C.E. Changes and Continuities in the Role of Women Pulling It All Together Timeline of Major Developments 8000 B.C.E. to 600 C.E. 7 Really Old Stuff: Around 600 C.E. to Around 1450 Review of History Within Civilizations 600 C.E.–1450 The Rise of Islam Developments in Europe and the Byzantine Empire Developments in Asia The Rise and Fall of the Mongols Developments in Africa Developments in the Americas Review of Interactions Among Cultures 600 C.E.–1450 Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion Expansion of Religion and Empire: Culture Clash Other Reasons People Were on the Move Technology and Innovations 600 C.E.–1450 Changes and Continuities in the Role of Women Pulling It All Together Timeline of Major Developments 600 C.E.–1450 8 Old Stuff: Approximately 1450 to Around 1750 Major European Developments 1450–1750 Revolutions in European Thought and Expression Renaissance: Classical Civilization Part II The Protestant Reformation: Streamlining Salvation The Scientific Revolution: Prove It or Lose It The Enlightenment: Out of Darkness, Into the Light European Exploration and Expansion: Empires of the Wind Developments in Specific Countries and Empires 1450–1750 The European Rivals Russia Out of Isolation Islamic Gunpowder Empires: Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Africa Isolated Asia Technology and Innovations 1450–1750 Changes and Continuities in the Role of Women Pulling It All Together Timeline of Major Developments 1450–1750 9 Not So Old Stuff: Sometime Around 1750 to About 1914 Industry and Imperialism The Industrial Revolution European Imperialism in India European Imperialism in China Japanese Imperialism European Imperialism in Africa Political Developments in the Americas and Europe Two Revolutions: American and French Lots of Independence Movements: Latin America Two Unifications: Italy and Germany Other Political Developments Technology and Intellectual Developments 1750 to About 1914 Changes and Continuities in the Role of Women Pulling It All Together Timeline of Major Developments 1750–1914 10 Recent Stuff: Around 1914 to the Present The Twentieth Century in Chunks The World War I Era The World War II Era Communism and the Cold War Independence Movements and Developments in Asia and Africa Globalization and the World Since 1980 Changes and Continuities in the Role of Women Pulling It All Together Timeline of Major Developments Since 1914 PART III: THE PRINCETON REVIEW AP WORLD HISTORY PRACTICE TESTS AND EXPLANATIONS 11 Practice Test 1 12 Practice Test 1: Answers and Explanations 13 Practice Test 2 14 Practice Test 2: Answers and Explanations Index About the Authors Introduction Introduction WHAT IS THE PRINCETON REVIEW? The Princeton Review is an international test-preparation company with branches in all major U.S. cities and several cities abroad. In 1981, John Katzman started teaching an SAT prep course in his parents’ living room. Within 0ve years, The Princeton Review had become the largest SAT prep program in the country. Our phenomenal success in improving students’ scores on standardized tests is due to a simple, innovative, and radically e1ective philosophy: Study the test, not just what the test claims to test. This approach has led to the development of techniques for taking standardized tests based on the principles the test writers themselves use to write the tests. The Princeton Review has found that its methods work not just for cracking the SAT, but for any standardized test. We’ve already successfully applied our system to the GMAT, LSAT, MCAT, and GRE, to name just a few. Obviously you need to be well versed in world history to do well on the AP World History Exam, but you should remember that any standardized test is partly a measure of your ability to think like the people who write standardized tests. This book will help you brush up on your AP World History and prepare for the exam using our time-tested principle: Crack the system by learning how the test is created. We also o1er books and online services that cover an enormous variety of education and career-related topics. If you’re interested, check out our website at PrincetonReview.com. PART I PART I How to Crack the System 1 Welcome to the World of AP World History