Court Painting in England By the same author The Pre-Raphaelite Tragedy The Aesthetic Adventure Victorian Olympus The World ofWilliam Hogarth A Concise History ofEnglish Painting Charles I, by Van Dyck (Frontispiece, overleaf) William Gaunt COURT PAINTING ENGLAND IN from Tudor to Victorian Times Constable London First published in Great Britain 1980 by Constable and Company Limited 10Orange Street, London WC2H 7EG © Copyright 1980 by William Gaunt Set in Monophoto Ehrhardt 1ipt Printed in GreatBritain by BAS Printers Limited, OverWallop, Hampshire British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Gaunt, William Court painting in England 1 Painting-England-History 2 Painting, Renaissance 3 Painting, Modern- 17th- 18th centuries- England 1 Title 759.2 ND464 ISBN O09 46187O4 1 Contents Introduction i i Holbein in England 5 2 Tudor Court painters after Holbein 27 3 Queen Elizabeth I and the painters 37 4 At the Court ofJames I 52 5 The development oftaste 64 6 Rubens and Van Dyck in England 81 7 Court painting in a troublous time 109 8 A Court in dissolution and the after-effects ofpainting 119 9 The survival ofthe miniature 125 10 The followers ofVan Dyck 133 1 Kneller - Court painter in five reigns 159 12 The Hanoverian age 171 13 The Georgian heyday 181 14 The end ofan era 209 Bibliography 218 Index 219 4411 Illustrations Colour Illustrations facingpage The Wilton Diptych (bypermission ofthe National Gallery, London) 2 Thomas Cromwell by Holbein (bypermission ofthe NationalPortrait Gallery, London) 3 LadyJane Grey by MasterJohn (bypermission ofthe NationalPortrait Gallery, London) 18 Princess Elizabeth, artist unknown (bygraciouspermission ofHer Majesty theQueen) 19 Queen Elizabeth I, the 'Ditchley' portrait, by Marcus Gheeraerts (bypermission ofthe NationalPortrait Gallery, London) 66 The Duke ofBuckingham by Daniel Mytens (bygraciouspermission ofHer Majesty the Queen) 67 Peace and War by Rubens (bypermission ofthe National Gallery, London) 82 The Five Eldest Children ofCharles I, by Van Dyck (bygraciouspermission ofHer Majesty theQueen) 83 Oliver Cromwell by Lely (bypermission ofthe Birmingham City Museums and Art Gallery) 130 Charles II while prince ofWales by William Dobson (bypermission ofthe Scottish NationalPortrait Gallery 13 The Sea Triumph ofCharles II by Antonio Verrio (bygraciouspermission of Her Majesty theQiieen) 146 William III on horseback by Kneller (bygraciouspermission ofHer Majesty theQueen) 147 Margaret Lindsay by Allan Ramsay (bypermission ofthe NationalGallery ofScotland) 194 'Perdita' by Gainsborough (bypermission ofthe Trustees, the Wallace Collection, London) 195 George IV, when Prince ofWales, riding by the Serpentine, by George Stubbs (by graciouspermission ofHer Majesty theQueen) 210 The family ofQueen Victoria, by F. X. Winterhalter (bygraciouspermission ofHer Majesty theQueen) 21 Black and white Illustrations Charles I by Van Dyck (bypermission ofthe Louvre, Paris: photo Bulloz) frontispiece Richard II, artist unknown (bypermission ofthe Dean and Chapter ofWestminster) xiv Edward IV, artist unknown (bygraciouspermission ofHer Majesty theQueen) 3 Richard III, artist unknown (bypermission ofthe NationalPortrait Gallery, London) 3 Erasmus by Holbein (bypermission ofthe Louvre, Paris: photo Bulloz) 6 Sir Thomas More by Holbein (bygraciouspermission ofHer Majesty theQueen) 8 Holbein's wife and children by Holbein (bypermission ofthe Kunstmuseum, Basel) 10 George Gyze by Holbein (bypermission ofthe Staatliche Museen, Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin) i-J The Ambassadors by Holbein (bypermission ofthe National Gallery, London) 13 Thomas Howard, third Duke ofNorfolk, by Holbein (bygracious permission ofHer Majesty theQueen) 1 Sir Richard Southwell after Holbein (by permission ofthe National Portrait Gallery, London) 1 Henry VIII by Holbein (bypermission ofthe IIiyssen-Bornemisza Collection, Lugano) 15 The Embarkation ofHenry VIII, artist unknown (bygracious permission ofHer Majesty theQueen) 16