Country Situation Report on Chemical Accident Prevention and Preparedness Programme in Sri Lanka Task Force on Chemical Accident Prevention and Preparedness Programme in Sri Lanka i Acknowledgments This Country Situation Report is written as one of the activities involved in the Assessment Phase of the Chemical Accident Prevention and Preparedness Programme Project in Sri Lanka. The Chemical Accident Prevention and Preparedness Programme for Sri Lanka (CAPP-SL) Project is funded by the ―Strategic Approach to International Chemical Management Quick Start Programme Trust Fund‖ (SAICM QSP TF). This project is currently being implemented by the Central Environment Authority of Sri Lanka (CEA) jointly with United Nations Environment Programme and with technical guidance provided by the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) in Bangkok, Thailand. The National Task Force has been established to steer the project implementation and provide strategic guidance on CAPP. The members of the Task Force met between February 2013 and May 2013 and provided information to develop this Country Situation Report. Members of the National Task Force include: Mr. K. H. Muthukudaarachchi (Central Environmental Authority) Dr. Sanjaya Ratnayake (Central Environmental Authority) Ms. Nelka Perera (Central Environmental Authority) Ms. Sujatha Wijesundara (Department of Labor) Ms. Lekha Sumanasekara (Ministry of Agriculture) Ms. Anoma Senevirathne (Ceylon Petroleum Corporation) Mr. Bandula Herath (Ministry of Defense & Urban Development) Mr. Hiran Tillekaratne (Disaster Management Centre) Dr. Ananda Jayalal (Ministry of Health) Dr. Inoka Suraweera (Ministry of Health) Ms. Sherine Perera (Board of Investment Sri Lanka) Mr. Asitha Seneviratne (Ministry of Industry and Commerce) Mr. Malik Perera (Sri Lanka Customs) Task Force Advisory Support Team Members: Mr. Samantha Kumarasena (National Cleaner Production Centre) Dr. Manisha Gunasekera (University of Moratuwa) (National Consultant) Ms. Vijitha Vivekanantharajah (Asian Disaster Preparedness Center) Prof. Ajith de Alwis (University of Moratuwa) (National Expert) A reviewed report and comments on this Country Situation Report (CSR) were given by the International Experts, Ms. Amanda Cockton, Mr. Jan Slijpen, Mr. Mark Hailwood, Ms. Johanna Suikkanen and Ms. Sanja Ursanic. They were valuable in finalizing the CSR report. Advice and support were given by Mr. Sisira Kumara, Senior Training Manager of Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) throughout the preparation of this report. ii Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Chapter 1 Background Information 3 1.1 Description of the Country Situation Report 3 1.2 Purpose of the Report 4 1.3 Resources Used to Create Report 5 1.4 National Demographic, Economic and Administrative Facts 9 1.4.1 Key Physical Features and Climate 9 1.4.2 Population and Literacy Rates 10 1.4.3 Official Languages 13 1.4.4 Government and Administration Structure 13 1.4.5 Key Industry and Agriculture Economic Sectors 13 1.4.6 Key Health and Environmental Concerns 15 1.5 Maps 17 Chapter 2 Accident Potential and History 21 2.1 Amount and Location of Chemicals of Concern 21 2.2 Hazardous Installations in the Country 35 2.2.1 Key Hazardous Installations 35 2.2.2 Maps of Hazardous Installations 37 2.2.3 Plans for Future Industrial Development 43 2.3 Accident Case History in Sri Lanka 45 2.4 Other Issues Affecting Likelihood of Accidents 56 2.5 Analysis 59 Chapter 3 Government Infrastructure 60 Chapter 4 Regulatory and Non-regulatory Instruments 72 4.1 Regulatory Instruments 72 4.2 Non-regulatory Mechanisms 84 4.3 International Activities 85 4.4 Analysis 89 Chapter 5 Non-governmental Activities 91 Chapter 6 Community Awareness 94 6.1 Disaster Management Centre 94 6.2 National Cleaner Production Centre (NCPC) 96 6.3 Ministry of Industry and Commerce 96 6.4 National Authority for the Implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention 96 iii 6.5 Shipping Aviation Information and Research Institute 97 6.6 Ministry of Environment and the Central Environmental Authority 97 Chapter 7 Available Resources 98 7.1 Sources of Resources 98 7.2 Additional Resources Needed for Chemical Accident Prevention and Preparedness Activities 103 Chapter 8 Other Relevant Information 105 Chapter 9 Conclusions 106 Glossary 108 Appendices 110 Appendix A: Hazardous Waste in 2012 from BOI enterprises and other installations Appendix B: Location Maps of Hazardous Installations Appendix C: Banned Pesticides in Sri Lanka Appendix D: Hazardous agro chemicals imported/handled or stored/transported in Sri Lanka for the years 2001 to 2011 Appendix E: Imports of Herbicides and Fungicides in 2011 Appendix F: Chemical industries registered in the Ministry of Industry and Commerce in recent three years: under the category of ‗Chemical, Petroleum, Rubber and Plastic Product‘ Appendix G: Water Resources near Export Processing Zones Appendix H: Industrial Estates in Sri Lanka Agricultural Areas in Sri Lanka Mineral Resources and Graphite Working Mines in Sri Lanka Appendix I: Pesticide Poisoning Incidents Data Appendix J: Summary of Scheduled Waste in National Environmental (Protection and Quality) Regulations, No. 1 of 2008 iv List of Figures Figure 1.4.1: Location of Sri Lanka 9 Figure 1.5.1: Population Density by District 2012 17 Figure 1.5.2: Ports Managed by Sri Lanka Ports Authority 18 Figure 1.5.3: Locations of Export Processing Zones Managed by BOI 19 Figure 1.5.4: Export Processing Zones, Industrial Parks, Export Processing Parks and Industrial Colonies in Sri Lanka 20 Figure 2.2.1: Kolonnawa Bulk Storage Terminal 37 Figure 2.2.2: Muthurajawela Bulk Storage Installation 38 Figure 2.2.3: Colombo Port Bulk Storage Installation 39 Figure 2.2.4: Orugodawatta Crude Oil Storage 40 Figure 2.2.5: Sapugaskanda Oil Refinery 41 Figure 2.2.6: Export Processing Zones: Biyagama, Katunayake and Seethawaka 42 Figure 2.3.1: Blast at Explosives Magazine-Karadiyanaru Police Station 51 List of Tables Table 1.4.1: Key Climate Conditions 9 Table 1.4.2.1: Population enumerated at the census, intercensal increase, and average annual growth rate 10 Table 1.4.2.2: Key Population Data 10 Table 1.4.2.3: Population Distribution by Province and District, 2012 11 Table 1.4.2.4: Literacy Rate (%) by Sector and Gender – 2011 12 Table 1.4.2.5: Literacy Rates by District – 2011 12 Table 1.4.2.6: Number Literate and Literacy Rates by Census Years & Sex 12 Table 1.4.5.1: Gross National Product by industrial origin at constant 2002 prices 14 Table 1.4.5.2: Gross National Product of industry at constant 2002 prices 14 Table 1.4.5.3: Composition of Industrial Production Index (IPI) – 2011 14 Table 1.4.5.4: Production Trends in Principle Agricultural Crops 15 Table 1.4.5.5: Key Economic Indicators 15 Table 1.4.6.1: Health Indicators 16 Table 1.4.6.2: Salient Features of Health Services 16 Table 2.1.1: Hazardous chemicals produced in oil refinery at Sapugaskanda, Sri Lanka 22 Table 2.1.2: Hazardous chemicals imported to Sri Lanka by CPC 23 Table 2.1.3: Hazardous chemicals used, handled and stored by CPC, Sri Lanka 23 Table 2.1.4: Hazardous chemicals transported by CPC Sri Lanka 24 Table 2.1.5: Hazardous wastes in oil refinery at Sapugaskanda, Sri Lanka 25 Table 2.1.6: Hazardous chemicals imported, used, handled/stored within BOI enterprises 25 Table 2.1.7: Hazardous chemicals exported from Sri Lanka - BOI enterprises 28 Table 2.1.8: Hazardous solvent wastes in 2012 from BOI enterprises and other installations MT per year 29 Table 2.1.9: Imports of insecticides in 2011 30 Table 2.1.10: Agro chemical importers registered with Registrar of Pesticides at Peradeniya Office 31 Table 2.1.11: Hazardous chemicals stocks at Medical Supplies Division stores at Wellawatte 32 Table 2.1.12: Maximum quantities of chemicals imported: Sri Lanka Customs Data v (from 01.03.2013 to 31.03.2013). 33 Table 2.1.13: Maximum quantities of fertilizer imported from 01.03.2013 to 31.03.2013. 34 Table 2.1.14: Anhydrous Ammonia (HS code: 28141000): Maximum quantity imported 34 Table 2.2.1.1: Hazardous installations: CPC locations 35 Table 2.2.1.2: BOI enterprises importing, using, handling, storing hazardous chemicals in large amounts per year. 36 Table 2.2.1.3: Hazardous chemical stocks in large amounts at Medical Supplies Division (MSD), Wellawatta. 36 Table 2.2.1.4: Installation locations based on accident history data 36 Table 2.2.3.1: Plans for future industrial development that may involve hazardous chemicals as at 11.04.2013 BOI enterprises. 44 Table 2.3.1: Past Accident Records – Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (CPC) 45 Table 2.3.2: Past Accident Records – Department of Labor 48 Table 2.3.3: Past Accident Records – Defense Ministry 50 Table 2.3.4: Past Accident Records – BOI Enterprises 52 Table 2.3.5: Past Accident Records – From local news paper articles 52 Table 2.3.6: Past Accident Records – Off shore incidents 54 Table 3.1: A list of CAPP related activities and a list of national government and local institutions involved in CAPP related activities 60 Table 3.2: Responsibilities related to Chemical Accident Prevention and Preparedness: Ceylon Petroleum Corporation 62 Table 3.3: Responsibilities related to Chemical Accident Prevention and Preparedness: Ministry of Defense and Urban Development 63 Table 3.4: Responsibilities related to Chemical Accident Prevention and Preparedness: Board of Investment of Sri Lanka (BOI) 64 Table 4.1.1: Legal Instrument and Related Authority 72 Table 4.1.2: Summary of Explosives Act related to CAPP 73 Table 4.1.3: Summary of Petroleum Ordinance and Ceylon Petroleum Corporation Act related to CAAP 74 Table 4.1.4: Summary of Board of Investment Law related to CAPP 75 Table 4.1.5: Summary of Factories Ordinance related to CAPP 76 Table 4.1.6: Summary of Cosmetics, Devices and Drugs Act related to CAPP 77 Table 4.1.7: Summary of Control of Pesticides Act related to CAPP 79 Table 4.1.8: Summary of Regulation of Fertilizer Act related to CAPP 79 Table 4.1.9: Summary of Sri Lanka Disaster Management Act related to CAPP 79 Table 4.1.10: Summary of Chemical Weapons Convention Act related to CAPP 80 Table 4.1.11: Summary of National Environmental Act related to CAPP 80 Table 4.1.12: Summary of Import and Export Control Act related to CAPP 82 Table 4.1.13: Summary of Customs Ordinance related to CAPP 83 Table 4.1.14: Summary of Mines and Minerals Act related to CAPP 83 Table 4.1.15: Summary of Urban Development Authority Law related to CAPP 83 Table 4.1.16: Summary of Atomic Energy Authority Act related to CAPP 83 Table 4.2: Inter-governmental relationship between Ministry of Defense and Urban Development Sri Lanka and International Organizations 86 Table 7.1.1: Experts to address chemical accident issues 98 Table 7.1.2: Training programmes conducted or run by various organizations on subjects related to a CAPP Programme 100 Table 7.2: Sources of funding to address chemical accident issues 101 Table 7.3: Sources of information to address chemical accident issues 101 vi Table 7.4: Equipment or Technology resources to address chemical accident issues 102 vii Executive Summary The Chemical Accident Prevention and Preparedness Programme for Sri Lanka (CAPP-SL) Project aims at developing a Chemical Accident Prevention and Preparedness Programme for the country that will mitigate the impacts of chemical accidents and reduce the number of chemical accidents that occur. This project is being implemented by the Central Environmental Authority. The project is funded by SAICM‘s Quick Start Programme Trust Fund. At the assessment phase of this project, this Country Situation Report was developed, which would assist in the development of a roadmap for the CAPP Programme in the following phase. This Country Situation Report was developed based on the guidance given in, ‗A Flexible Framework for Addressing Chemical Accident Prevention and Preparedness: A Guidance Document’, by the United Nations Environment Programme, 2010. The Country Situation Report gives an overview of the current situation of Sri Lanka on various aspects related to chemical accident prevention and preparedness. The National Task Force members of the CAPP Programme project provided most of the information for this report. Sri Lanka is an island located in the centre of Indian Ocean with a total land area approximately 65610 square kilometers and a population of approximately 20,277,597. The key economic sectors in the country are agriculture, industry and services. The industry sector contributes about 29% to the GDP. Most of the chemical related industries in the country import their chemical needs. The use of chemicals, handling and storing activities are involved in these installations. Production of hazardous chemicals is done in few industries. One of the major producers of hazardous chemicals is the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation. Some BOI companies export chemical substances such as lead ash, lead monoxide and lead oxide. The agriculture sector is involved in importing chemicals related to fertilizer, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. There are installations where these substances are handled, used and stored. One of the major plans for future chemical industrial development includes a Polyethylene Terepthalate (PET) plant in Hambantota. Accident case history in Sri Lanka indicates that there have been accidents related to oil spillages and leaks in oil refinery and crude oil storage tanks. Several incidents of fires and explosions have occurred when cutting sealed empty chemical barrels with oxy acetylene welding and while gunpowder mixing in firework manufacturing factories. Other accidents experienced in Sri Lanka include chlorine chemical leak, chemical fires in the Colombo port, a fire in a boat manufacturing chemical supplier‘s installation and oil and chemical spillage accidents in ships. There are several government organizations that have responsibilities related to chemical accident prevention and preparedness. The Ceylon Petroleum Corporation have responsibilities and activities related to production, storage, importation, transportation, use, labor safety and fire protection of oil. The Ministry of Defense and Urban Development is involved with similar responsibilities related to explosives. The Board Of Investment together with other organizations, jointly carries out these responsibilities. The Registrar of Pesticides, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Industry and Commerce, National Authority for Chemical Weapons Convention, Department of Labor and the Central Environmental Authority are other Organizations involved in CAPP related activities. The legal instruments in Sri Lanka related to CAPP activities are National Environmental Act, Factories Ordinance, Control of 1 Pesticides Act, Regulation of Fertilizer Act, Petroleum Ordinance, Ceylon Petroleum Corporation Act, Chemical Weapons Act, Explosives Act, Cosmetics, Devices and Drugs Act, Board of Investment Law and Mines and Minerals Act. Non regulatory mechanisms, such as the National Safety Awards and National Safety and Health Week, promote improvement of safety in industries. Nongovernmental activities related to CAPP include disposal solutions provided by Geocycle for hazardous wastes and promotion of safer workplace and protection of environment through safer management of chemicals done by Lanka Responsible Care Council. Universities such as the University of Colombo, University of Peradeniya and the University of Moratuwa are engaged in activities such as conducting training programmes and research related to CAPP. Awareness programmes and activities related to CAPP are implemented by governmental as well as nongovernmental organizations such as the Disaster Management Centre, National Cleaner Production Centre, Ministry of Industry and Commerce, National Authority for the Implementation of Chemical Weapons Convention and the Central Environmental Authority. The resources available to address chemical accident prevention and preparedness include staff that can be trained to assign CAPP related responsibilities, equipment and sources of data. The data available on hazardous chemical types and quantity information show that possible hazardous chemical installations exist in Sri Lanka. There are government organizations having some involvement in implementation and enforcement of chemical accident prevention and preparedness related activities. The legal instruments in this country have regulations related to CAPP. However for an effective CAPP programme new regulations or a legal instrument is needed. The current resources available are not sufficient to address a CAPP Programme. Training of staff, sources of funding, equipment and databases related to CAPP are required. 2 Chapter 1 Background Information As an industrially developing country where the chemical industry is expected to grow rapidly, addressing chemical accidents should be considered in a timely manner in order to support achieving Sri Lanka‘s sustainable development goals. The awareness of past chemical accidents in the world and their associated losses along with the rise in hazards and risks with increased chemical manufacturing industries and related activities have further increased the need to look into chemical accident prevention and preparedness. In order to reduce chemical accidents in the future and improve preparedness planning, an understanding of the key factors related to chemical accident prevention and preparedness in Sri Lanka is required. This report gives an overview of the country‘s current situation regarding chemical accident prevention and preparedness. 1.1 Description of the Country Situation Report This Country Situation Report describes important areas related to chemical accident prevention and preparedness in Sri Lanka. These areas are presented in nine chapters giving details of the country‘s background information, accident potential and history, government infrastructure, regulatory and non regulatory information, nongovernmental activities, community awareness, available resources, other relevant information and conclusions. The background information in Chapter one includes the purpose of this report, resources used in preparing the report and national demographic, economic and administrative facts about Sri Lanka. Chapter two, where the accident potential and history are described, gives an overview of hazardous chemicals processed, imported, used and handled in the country. This includes the type of hazardous chemicals and their quantities. These data are used to identify the hazardous installations in the country. The locations of these installations, quantities of chemicals involved and the type and hazards involved are identified. The chemical related industrial development plans for future are also discussed. A compilation of information on accidents related to hazardous chemicals is done while identifying their immediate effects such as fire, explosions, toxic releases and chemical spillages. Other factors that are relevant to accidents in the chemical industry such as natural disasters observed in the country, available hazard maps, the national system for emergency preparedness and fire and rescue services are also identified. The third chapter gives an overview of the government organizations‘ current responsibilities related to chemical accident prevention and preparedness. This identifies involvement of the government body in the development, implementation and enforcement of related laws, policies or programmes. Chapter four contains information on regulatory and non regulatory instruments relevant to chemical accident prevention and preparedness in the country. An overview of international agreements and project activities related to chemical management is also presented. 3