Contributions to Antarctic Research IV Physical Sciences MARINE GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL ATLAS OF THE CIRCUM-ANTARCTIC TO 30øS ANTARCTIC OCEANOLOGY Dennis E. Hayes, Editor Joseph L. Reid, Editor MOLLUSCAN SYSTEMATICS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY ANTARCTIC OCEANOLOGY II: THE AUSTRALIAN- Jeffrey D. Stilwell and William J. Zinsmeister NEW ZEALAND SECTOR THE ANTARCTIC PALEOENVIRONMENT: A PERSPECTIVE Dennis E. Hayes, Editor ON GLOBAL CHANGE James P. Kennett and Detlef A. Warnke, Editors PHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN ANTARCTIC SNOW AND ICE STUDIES ANTARCTIC LAKES Malcolm Mellor, Editor William J. Green and E. Imre Friedmann, Editors ANTARCTIC SNOW AND ICE STUDIES II THE ANTARCTIC PALEOENVIRONMENT: A PERSPECTIVE A. P. Crary, Editor ON GLOBAL CHANGE PART 2 James P. Kennett and Detlef A. Warnke, Editors ANTARCTIC METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY: ANTARCTIC SOILS AND SOIL FORMING PROCESSES STUDIES BASED ON AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATIONS J. C. F. Tedrow, Editor David H. Bromwich and Charles R. Stearns, Editors DRY VALLEY DRILLING PROJECT ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION IN ANTARCTICA: L. D. McGinnis, Editor MEASUREMENTS AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN NORTHERN C. Susan Weiler and Polly A. Penhale, Editors VICTORIA LAND ATMOSPHERIC HALOS Edmund Stump, Editor Walter Tape GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC FOSSIL SCLERACTINIAN CORALS FROM JAMES ROSS Jarvis B. Hadley, Editor BASIN, ANTARCTICA GEOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL TRANSANTARCTIC Harry F. Filkorn MOUNTAINS VOLCANOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES OF Mort D. Turner and John F. Splettstoesser, MOUNT EREBUS, ANTARCTICA Editors Philip R. Kyle, Editor GEOMAGNETISM AND AERONOMY A. H. Waynick, Editor METEOROLOGICALS TUDIES AT PLATEAU STATION, CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTARCTIC RESEARCH I ANTARCTICA David H. Elliot, Editor Joost A. Businger, Editor CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTARCTIC RESEARCH II OCEANOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC CONTINENTAL SHELF David H. Elliot, Editor Stanley S. Jacobs,E ditor CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTARCTIC RESEARCH III STUDIES IN ANTARCTIC METEOROLOGY David H. Elliot, Editor Morton J. Rubin, Editor CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTARCTIC RESEARCH IV UPPER ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA David H. Elliot and George L. Blaisdell, Editors L. J. Lanzerotti and C. G. Park, Editors THE ROSS ICE SHELF: GLACIOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS C. R. Bentley and D. E. Hayes, Editors VOLCANOES OF THE ANTARCTIC PLATE AND SOUTHERN OCEANS W. E. LeMasurier and J. T. Thomson, Editors MINERAL RESOURCES POTENTIAL OF ANTARCTICA John F. Splettstoessera nd Gisela A.M. Dreschhoff, Editors ANTARCTIC AmericanG eophysicaUl nion RESEARCH SERIES Biological and Life Sciences ANTARCTIC TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY George A. Llano, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY II Milton O. Lee, Editor Bruce Parker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS II TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY III George A. Llano, Editor Bruce Parker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS III George A. Llano and Waldo L. Schmitt, Editors BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS IV ANTARCTIC ASCIDIACEA George A. Llano and I. Eugene Wallen, Editors Patricia Kott BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS V ANTARCTIC BIRD STUDIES David L. Pawson, Editor Oliver L. Austin, Jr., Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS VI ANTARCTIC PINNIPEDIA David L. Pawson, Editor William Henry Burt, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS VII ANTARCTIC CIRRIPEDIA David L. Pawson, Editor William A. Newman and Arnold Ross BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS VIII BIRDS OF THE ANTARCTIC AND SUB-ANTARCTIC David L. Pawson and Louis S. Kornicker, Editors George E. Watson BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS IX ENTOMOLOGY OF ANTARCTICA Louis S. Kornicker, Editor J. Linsley Gressitt, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS X HUMAN ADAPTABILITY TO ANTARCTIC CONDITIONS Louis S. Kornicker, Editor E. K. Eric Gunderson, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XI POLYCHAETA ERRANTIA OF ANTARCTICA Louis S. Kornicker, Editor Olga Hartman BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XII POLYCHAETA MYZOSTOMIDAE AND SEDENTIARIA OF David L. Pawson, Editor ANTARCTICA BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XIII Olga Hartman Louis S. Kornicker, Editor RECENT ANTARCTIC AND SUBANTARCTIC BRACHIOPODS BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XIV Merrill W. Foster Louis S. Kornicker, Editor ANTARCTIC AND SUBANTARCTIC PYCNOGONIDA: BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XV AMMOTHEIDAE AND AUSTRODECIDAE Louis S. Kornicker, Editor Stephen D. Cairns, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XVI Louis S. Kornicker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XVII Louis S. Kornicker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XVIII Louis S. Kornicker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XIX Louis S. Kornicker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XX Louis S. Kornicker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XXI Louis S. Kornicker, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XXII Stephen D. Cairns, Editor BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS XXIII Stephen D. Cairns. Editor ANTARCTIC Volume 67 RESEARCH SERIES Contributions to Antarctic Research IV David H. Elliot GeorgeL . Blaisdell Editors (cid:127)(cid:127)erican GeophysUinciaol n Washington,D .C. 1995 ANTARCTIC Volume 67 RESEARCH SERIES CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTARCTIC RESEARCH IV David H. Elliot and George L. Blaisdell, Editors Published under the aegis of the Board of Associate Editors, Antarctic Research Series David H. Elliot, Chairman John B. Anderson, Robert Bindschadler, Stephen D. Cairns, Rodney M. Feldmann, Stanley Jacobs, John Priscu, Charles R. Stearns ISSN 0066-4634 ISBN 0-87590-876-4 Copyright 1995 by the American GeophysicalU nion 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20009 Figures, tables, and short excerpts may be reprinted in scientificb ooks and journals if the sourcei s properly cited. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specificc lients, is grantedb y the American GeophysicalU nion for librariesa nd other usersr egistered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the base fee of $1.00 per copy plus $0.20 per page is paid directly to CCC, 222 RosewoodD r., Danvers, MA 01923. 0066-4634/95/$01.00+0.20. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for creating new collectivew orks or for resale. The reproductiono f multiple copiesa nd the use of full articleso r the use of extracts, including figures and tables, for commercial purposesr equires permissionf rom AGU. Published by American Geophysical Union With the aid of grant OPP-94141962 from the National Science Foundation Printed in the United States of America. CONTENTS The Antarctic Research Series: Statement of Objectives Board of Associate Editors VIIoIoo High Amplitude Aeromagnetic Anomaly Over the Butcher Ridge Igneous Complex' Evidence of Possible Jurassic Cumulate Rocks in the Transantarctic Mountains Bordering the Ross Embayment John C. Behrendt, Anne E. McCafferty, Detlef Damaske, and Philip R. Kyle GeomagneticA ctivity and Its Implications for the 1991-1992 CASERTZ Aeromagnetic Survey in Antarctica R. W. Saltus and R. P. Kucks Geological Exploration of East Antarctica: Iron, Manganese, and Titanium in the Heavy-Mineral Fractions of Till in the Transantarctic Mountains Gunter Faure, Erik H. Hagen, Kenneth S. Johnson, Michael L. Strobel, and Kent S. Whiting 19 An Ice-Core-Based, Late Holocene History for the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica P. A. Mayewski, W. B. Lyons, G. Zielinski, M. Twickler, S. Whitlow, J. Dibb, P. Grootes, K. Taylor, P.-Y. Whung, L. Fosberry, C. Wake, and K. Welch 33 A Thermal, Isotopic, and Chemical Study of Lake Vanda and Don Juan Pond, Antarctica Irving Friedman, Athol Rafter, and George I. Smith 47 Intrusive Igneous Rocks of Eastern Ellsworth Land, West Antarctica: The Southwestward Extension of the Lassitter Coast Intrusive Suite W. R. Vennum, P. D. Rowley, and T. S. Laudon 75 Petrology and Mineralogy of the Kirkpatrick Basalt and Ferrar Dolerite, Mesa Range Region, North Victoria Land, Antarctica D. H. Elliot, T. H. Fleming, M. A. Haban, and M. A. Siders 103 Antarctic Airfields Malcolm Mellor 143 Compacted Snow Runway Technology on the Ross Ice Shelf Near McMurdo, Antarctica George L. Blaisdell, Valeri Klokov, and Deborah Diemand 153 Glaciology of the McMurdo Ice Shelf in the Area of Air Operations Valeri Klokov and Deborah Diemand 175 Delivery of Fuel and Construction Materials to Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station Stephen L. DenHartog and George L. Blaisdell 197 The Antarctic Research Series' STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES The Antarctic Research Series provides for the presentationo f detailed scientificr esearch resultsf rom Antarctica, particularlyt he resultso f the United StatesA ntarctic ResearchP rogram, including monographsa nd long manuscripts. The seriesi s designedt o make the resultso f Antarctic fieldwork available. The Antarctic ResearchS eriese ncouragesth e collectiono f paperso n specificg eographica reasw ithin Antarc- tica. In addition, many volumes focus on particular disciplines,i ncluding marine biology, oceanology,m eteorology,u pper atmospherep hysics,t errestrialb iology, geology,g laciology, human adaptability, engineering,a nd environmentalp rotection. Topical volumes in the series normally are devoted to papers in one or two disciplines. Multidisciplinaryv olumes,i nitiatedi n 1990t o enablem ore rapid publication,a re open to papers from any discipline.T he seriesc an accommodatelo ng manuscriptsa nd utilize specialf ormats, such as maps. Prioritiesf or publicationa re set by the Board of AssociateE ditors. Preferencei s given to research manuscriptsf rom projects funded by U.S. agencies.B ecauset he series serves to emphasizeth e U.S. AntarcticR esearchP rogrami,t alsop erformsa functions imilart o expedition reports of many other countriesw ith national Antarctic researchp rograms. The standardso f scientifice xcellencee xpectedf or the series are maintainedb y the review criteria establishedfo r the AGU publicationsp rogram.E ach paperi s critically reviewedb y two or more expert referees.A membero f the Board of AssociateE ditors may serve as editor of a volume,o r anotherp ersonm ayb e appointedT. he Boardw orksw ith the individuael ditorso f each volume and with the AGU staff to assuret hat the objectiveso f the series are met, that the best possiblep apers are presented,a nd that publicationi s timely. Proposalsf or volumeso r paperso ffered shouldb e sent to the Board of AssociateE ditors, Antarctic ResearchS eries, at 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington,D .C. 20009. Publication of the seriesi s partially supportedb y a grant from the National ScienceF oundation. Board of Associate Editors Antarctic Research Series CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTARCTIC RESEARCH IV ANTARCTIC RESEARCH SERIES, VOLUME 67, PAGES 1-7 HIGH AMPLITUDE AEROMAGNETIC ANOMALY OVER THE BUTCHER RIDGE IGNEOUS COMPLEX: EVIDENCE OF POSSIBLE JURASSIC CUMULATE ROCKS IN THE TRANSANTARCq3C MOUNTAINS BORDERING THE ROSS EMBAYMENT John C. Behrendta nd Anne E. McCafferty U.S. GeologicalS urvey,D enver, Colorado Detlef Damaske Bundesanstafliti r Geowissenschafteunn d RohstoffeH, annover, Germany Philip R. Kyle New Mexico Instituteo f Mining and TechnologyS, ocorro,N ew Mexico A high amplitudem agnetica nomalyo ccurso ver the ButcherR idge igneousc omplexi n the TransantarcticM ountains. This sill-like body is approximately1 0 km long where exposed. It rangesf rom basaltt o rhyolitei n compositioann dh asb eens uggesteads evidenceo f a largem afic intrusiona t depth. A singleN W-SE aeromagnetipc rofile flown acrossB utcherR idge gave an 8- kin-wide positivea nomalyw ith maxima of about 700 and 1000 nT which are associatedw ith topographicp eakst hat the aircraft cleareda t about 300 and 600 m respectively. The observed amplitudeo f the ButcherR idge anomalyi s too great to be causedb y a typical sill of Ferrar Dolerite, exampleso f which are widely exposeda longt he TransantarctiMc ountains. Models that fit the observedd ata indicate magnetizationcso mparableto the JurassicD ufek layeredm afic intrusion in the Transantarctic Mountains near the Weddell Sea. Model calculations show that the upper,a nd mostm agneticp art of the inferredi ntrusionm ustb e greatert han about2 km thick and that the entire intrusioni s probablys ubstantialltyh icker. We interprett he sourceo f the Butcher Ridge magnetica nomalyt o be a layeredm afic intrusion,s yntectonicw ith the JurassicT ransant- arctic( failed) rift, markedb y the FerrarD olerite.T he magnetice videncef or a buriedm afic body beneathth eB utcherR idgei gneousc omplexi s thef irst evidenceo f possibleJ urassicc umulater ocks in the TransantarctiMc ountainsb orderingth e RossE mbayment-ByrdS ubglaciaBl asin. INTRODUCTION et al., 1981;E lliot et al., 1989]. Strontiuma nd oxygen isotope compositions[ Shellhorn, 1982; Kyle et al., The ButcheRr idgei gneousc omplex(B RIC) locatedin 1983b] suggestt hat the rhyolitic magmasf ormed by theT ransantarctMico untains(F igures1 and2 ) at about melting of local Paleozoic granitoids and other felsic 79ø45'S,1 56øE,i s exposedin a 10-km-long,6 00-m-high rocks. A (cid:127)øAr/39Aarg eo f 174 Ma andt he chemical scarp,p rojectingt hrougha ndb oundingt he EastA ntarc- characteor f the basalticr ocks[ Kyle et al., 1981] show tic ice sheet and only partially mapped geologically the BRIC to be part of the widespreadJ urassicF errar becauseo f its inaccessibility. The BRIC is a sill-like suite of continental tholeiitic rocks. The suite, that hypabyssal intrusion ranging in composition from extendsfo r over 3000 km (Figure1 ) acrossA ntarctica, tholeiiticb asaltt o rhyolite [Kyle et al., 1981; Marshak is the result of magmatic activity associatedw ith the Copyright1 995 by the AmericanG eophysicaUl nion. 2 CONTRIBUTIONST O ANTARCTIC RESEARCHI V o WEDDELL SEA Dufek Intrusion subglacial basin I McMURDO o 500 IOOOK M I (cid:127) I C. I. = 500M ROSS SEA EXPLANATION ß LATE CENOZOIC VOLCANIC CENTER ,(cid:127)(cid:127).:.::?'i:(cid:127).'-(cid:127) (cid:127)J URASSICTH OLEl ITES (BASALTD,O LERITE, (cid:127) APPROXIMATE RIFT SHOULDER -I000 1(cid:127)0 ø Fig.1 . Generaliziesdo staticaclloym pensa(taefdte ric er emovabl)e drocekle vatiomna po f parto f Antarctic(far omB ehrendett al. [1991]m; odifiefdro mD rewry[1 983]).T hee dgeo f thep resent groundeidc e is indicatebdy a stippledp attern.S P is thes outhp ole. The Cenozoisch ouldeorf thei nterpretWede sAt ntarctricif ts ystem[B ehrenedtta l.,1 991i]s s how(nh eavby lackli ne).T he JurassicT ransantarcticr ift and TransantarcticM ountainse xtend from the RossS ea to the Weddell Seaa nda rea pproximatsehlyo wbny t hei nferreedx tenotf theJ urasstihco leiitisci lls( smalbl lack areasa nd the adjacentp atterneda reas). The area indicatedf or the Dufek intrusionis that interpretferdo ma na eromagnestuicr ve[yB ehrenedtta l.,1 981].T heb oxi ndicatethse a pproximate areao f Figure2 . The0 ø m eridianis at thet opo f them apf ollowingth eu suacl onventiofno r small scale maps of Antarctica. JurassiTcr ansantarct(ifca iled)r ift [Schmidatn dR owley, minimume xtent( 50,000k m:) of the Dufeki ntrusion 1986],a ndc omprisetsh eF errarD olerites ills( theg reat beneathth eA ntarcticic es heet.A eromagnetiacn omalies bulk of the exposuresa) nd dikes,t he extrusiveK irk- observeadt differenat ltitude(sa sm ucha s 1 km) over patrick Basalt flows and the massiveg abbroicD ufek the Dufek intrusionr eacha mplitudesa s greata s 3600 intrusion[ Ford, 1976]. nT [Behrendet t al., 1981]. In contrastb, ecausoe f their Prominenta eromagnetica nd gravity anomaliesa re limited thickness,a nomalieso bserveda t similar or lower associated with the 6 to 8-km-thick Dufek intrusion altitudeosv erF errarD olerites ills( <300-m-thickin) the [Behrendet t al., 1974], which is exposedin the Trans- TransantarcMtico untainsh avea ssociateade romagnetic antarcticM ountains(F igure1 ). Behrendet t al. [1974, anomalieso f 100 nT or less [Pedersone t al., 1981; 1981] usedt heseg eophysicaal nomaliest o estimatet he Behrendet t al., 1991 BEHRENDT ET AL.: AEROMAGNETIC PROFILE OVER BUTCHER RIDGE 3 2.55000 u 167'00' 70000 ' 2OOO / S.E. RIDGE 2800 ,., 0 30 KM Flo(cid:127)r.. Topograpmhaicp( s urfacco(cid:127) ntouinmm eteroef)B' utchRerid gaen dv icinitfyro mU $(cid:127)$ 1:(cid:127)$0,000 scalem apss howinga eromagnetipc rofile position. The location o(cid:127) ButcherR idge and this figurea re showni n Figure1 . ButcherR idge is the northwesrti dgei n the modelso f Figure3 ; the unnamedr idge i km south of the profile, which projectst o the profile about :5 km to the southeasot f ButcherR idge, is the southeasrti dge in the models. True northi s at the top of the map. AEROMAGNETIC PROFILE OVER BUTCHER area as part of the BGR-USGS GermanA ntarcticN orth RIDGE IGNEOUS COMPLEX Victoria Land ExpeditionV I (GANOVEX VI). A special 800 km round trip flight was made to acquire aeromagneticp rofiles acrossB utcher Ridge. A single Significantv olumeso f crustal-derivedrh yolite within profile was obtainedb ut a secondc rossingd id not result the BRIC requiringa substantiasl ourceo f advectiveh eat in magnetic data because of equipment malfunction. to be formedb y melting of crustalr ocks,s uggestt hat a This paperr eportst he significantr esultso f the observed major high-level basaltic intrusion might underlie it. profile. Discussionws ith geologistsle d us to testt his hypothesis A Dornier 228 aircraft operating from McMurdo with a simplee xperiment. Generally,t he capabilityd oes Station (Figure 1) collectedt he data with a proton not exist in Antarctica to test hypotheseso n specific precessionm agnetometerm ountedi n the wing tip. An problems with one or two aeromagnetic profiles. inertial navigations ystema nd U.S. GeologicalS urvey However,i n 1990 an aeromagnetiscu rvey[ Damaskee t 1:250,000 scale maps provided location. A radar al., 1992] was being conductedin the Ross Ice Shelf altimeter profile acquired simultaneously with