EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM 22 Arthur Linder Contributions to Applied Statistics Dedicated to Professor Arthur Linder Edited by Walter Joh. Ziegler 1976 Springer Basel AG CIP-Kurztitelaufnahm.e der Deutschen Bibliothek Contributions to applied statistics: dedicated to Professor Arthur Linder I ed. by Walter ]oh. Ziegler. (Experientia: Suppl.; Bd. 22). NE: Ziegler, Walter ]oh. [Hrsg.J; Linder, Arthur: Festschrift. Nachdruck verboten. Alle Rechte, insbesondere das der Ubersetzung in fremde Sprachen und der Reproduktion auf photostatischem Wege oder durch Mikrofilm, vorbehalten © Springer Basel AG 1976. Originally published by BirkhAuser Verlag Basel in 1976 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1976 ISBN 978-3-0348-5515-0 ISBN 978-3-0348-5513-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-0348-5513-6 5 Foreword In spite of all emphasis on objectivity, a scientific discipline needs for its development outstanding research workers with exceptional personal qualities. A scientist with these qualities is honoured here, on the occasion of his 70th birthday, by his pupils, friends and colleagues: Arthur Linder is respected as a researcher, advisor and teacher in the field of Applied Statistics. Professor Dr. Dr. h. c. A. Linder has demonstrated the utility of statistical methods in science and technology; these are recognised today as being essen tial for an objective evaluation of data. His contacts with Sir R. A. Fisher, C. 1. Bliss, G. M. Cox, W. G. Cochran, P. C. Mahalanobis and many other ex perts, have helped him to achieve his almost legendary authority on sampling and on the evaluation of statistical data. Linder has won many friends and adherents to the cause of Biometry, Econometry and Technometry, firstly through his teaching activity at the universities of Berne, Geneva and Lausanne and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, and as visiting lecturer at the Indian Statistical Institute, the International Statistical Education Centre in Calcutta, the Uni versity of North Carolina and the University of Natal in Durban, secondly through his contributions to the literature as author of the monographs 'Sta tistische Methoden' and 'Planen und Auswerten von Versuchen', as editor of METRIKA and co-editor of other journals, and thirdly through his active collaboration in the founding of The Biometric Society, to the presidency of which he succeeded R. A. Fisher in 1950-1951, and as inaugurator of the Austro-Swiss Region, over which he presided in 1964-1965. In recognition of his outstanding achievements he has been elected Fellow of the American Statistical Association, Membre d'honneur de la Societe Adolphy Quetelet de Bruxelles, Member of the Review Committee of the National Sample Survey of India, Honorary Member of the Study Group for Operations Research of the Committee on Economical Production in Frankfurt, Honorary Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society of Great Britain, Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, USA, and Honorary Member of the German Society for Operations Research. 6 The present volume is a modest attempt to reflect the multidisciplinary activities of A. Linder. The contributions convey an impression of how exten sive and varied the field of applied statistics has become. Of course it was clear in compiling this volume that this impression would necessarily be incomplete. On the other hand it is highly gratifying to see how much original research work has been submitted by the various authors in response to the invitation to contribute. The enthusiasm of all those who have helped to compile this work is in itself a worthy tribute to Professor Linder as a friend, colleague and teacher. It is the editor's hope that these papers will stimulate critical and fruitful discussion. The contributors were left entirely free in their choice of the subjects, and, so far as the actual presentation of their articles was concerned, they were merely requested to give generally comprehensive introductions or summaries in order to create some mutual understanding between structural and experi mental scientists. Unfortunately the number of invited papers had to be limited; on the other hand, a number of notable research workers were unable to contribute papers for various reasons, mainly because of the short deadline for the printing of this volume. Among those to whom thanks are due for their good intentions and their kind interest in the success of this volume are C. Bacher, E. Bat schelet, R. K. Bauer, E. P. Billeter, C. 1. Bliss, R. C. Bose, K. A. Brownlee, D. R. Cox, O. L. Davies, B. Day-Mauss, A. Hald, M. J. R. Healy, A. Jensen, H. Kellerer, M. G. Kendall, A. W. Kimball, S. Koller, R. Lang, F. E. Linder, D. Mainland, E. Olbrich, E. Pearson, R. Sailer, L. Schmetterer, H. Strecker, A. Vessereau, E. Walter, E. Weber, W. Winkler, F. Yates, and the authors of a special number of 'Statistik und Volkswirtschaft'. In the name of the Council and the Advisory Committee of the Austro Swiss Region of The Biometric Society, I wish to express many thanks to the contributors, to Mr. C. Einsele of Birkhauser Verlag for his understanding and collaboration in the realization of this work and to those whose financial sup port has kept down the price of this volume. Walter J oh. Ziegler 7 Contents 1. General Outlooks J. O. Irwin: Some Aspects of the History of Biometric Method in the Twentieth Century with a Special Reference to Prof. Linder's Work. . . ... . . . ... 9 F. Ferschl: Einige Bemerkungen zur Grundlagensituation in der Statistik ........ 21 J. M. Hammersley: Some General Reflections on Statistical Practice ................... 27 Ch. A. Bicking: Side Influences of Biometricians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2. Sampling T. Dalenius: Sample-Dependent Estimation in Survey Sampling ................. 39 W. E. Deming: On Variances of Estimators of a Total Population Under Several Proce- dures of Sampling .............................................. 45 1. Higuti: Some Remarks on the Concepts of Size-Distribution in the Study of Small Particles ...................................................... 63 K. Stange: Der Einfluss der Genauigkeit des Messgerates beim «Auslesem nicht- masshaltiger Teile aus einer Fertigung ............................ 69 C. Auer: Verfahren und Erfahrungen bei Insektenpopulationsschatzungen ... . . . 79 3. Estimation H. Berchtold und Th. Marthaler: Vertrauensbereiche fur den Quotienten von Mittelwerten zweier Normal- verteilungen, wenn die Stichproben klein sind ...................... 93 8 P. Bauer, V. Scheiber and F. X. Wohlzogen: Sequential Estimation of the Parameter 'Jl of a Binomial Distribution 99 J. Pfanzagl: Investigating the Quantile of an Unknown Distribution ............. 111 4. Testing M. L. Puri and C. R. Rao: Augmenting Shapiro-Wilk Test for Normality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 129 K.Abt: Fitting Constants in Cross-Classification Models with Irregular Patterns of Empty Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 141 H. Linhart: The Random Analysis of Variance Model and the \\Trong Test. . . . . . .. 159 B. M. Bennet: On an Approximate Test for Homogeneity of Coefficients of Variation 169 W. Berchtold: Analyse eines Cross-Over-Versuches mit Anteilziffern ............... 173 A. Palazzi: N onparametric Analysis of Variance-Tables of Critical Values ...... , 183 H. L. Le Roy: A Special Use of the General Interpretation for the One-way Analysis of Variance in Population Genetics of Quantitative Characters. . . . . . . . .. 191 5. Relationships P. Dagnelie: L'emploi d'equations de regression simultanees dans Ie calcul de tables de production forestieres ........................................ 203 H. Riedwyl and U. Kreuter: Identification .................................................. 209 F. Brambilla: Stability of Distance between Structured Groups in a Social Organism: Empirical Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 213 6. Miscellaneous 1. M. Chakravarti: Statistical Designs from Room's Squares with Applications 223 L. Feraud: Un modele d'elimination et de croissance .......................... 233 L. J. Martin: Inten~t du diagramme (fh, (32) de K. Pearson et du diagramme (Yl, Y2) dans Ie champ bio-medical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 241 J. N. Srivastava: Some Further Theory of Search Linear Models ..................... 249 W. J. Ziegler: Zum Problem der Optimum-Eigenschaften von SPR-Tests . . . . . . . . . .. 257 1. General Outlooks