Contextualizing Human Memory This edited collection provides an inter- and intra-disciplinary discussion of the criti- cal role context plays in how and when individuals and groups remember the past. International contributors integrate key research from a range of disciplines, includ- ing social and cognitive psychology, discursive psychology, philosophy/philosophical psychology and cognitive linguistics, to increase awareness of the central role that cultural, social and technological contexts play in determining individual and collec- tive recollections at multiple, yet interconnected, levels of human experience. Divided into three parts, cognitive and psychological perspectives, social and cul- tural perspectives, and cognitive linguistics and philosophical perspectives, Stone and Bietti present a breadth of research on memory in context. Topics covered include: (cid:129) the construction of self-identity in memory (cid:129) flashbulb memories (cid:129) scaffolding memory (cid:129) the cultural psychology of remembering (cid:129) social aspects of memory (cid:129) the mnemonic consequences of silence (cid:129) emotion and memory (cid:129) eyewitness identification (cid:129) multimodal communication and collective remembering. Contextualizing Human Memory allows researchers to understand the variety of work undertaken in related fields, and to appreciate the importance of context in understanding when, how and what is remembered at any given recollection. The book will appeal to researchers, academics and postgraduate students in the fields of cognitive and social psychology, as well as those in related disciplines interested in learning more about the advancing field of memory studies. Charles B. Stone is Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, USA. Lucas M. Bietti is an Ambizione Fellow of the Swiss National Science Foundation at the Institute of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Neuchatel. Explorations in Cognitive Psychology Series Books in this series: Perception Beyond Gestalt Progress in vision research Edited by Adam Geremek, Mark Greenlee and Svein Magnussen Fine Art and Perceptual Neuroscience Field of Vision and the Painted Grid Paul M.W. Hackett Simulation Theory A psychological and philosophical approach Tim L. Short Neuropsycholinguistic Perspectives on Language Cognition Essays in honour of Jean-Luc Nespoulous Edited by Corine Artésano and Mélanie Jucla Contextualizing Human Memory An interdisciplinary approach to understanding how individuals and groups remember the past Edited by Charles B. Stone and Lucas Bietti Contextualizing Human Memory An interdisciplinary approach to understanding how individuals and groups remember the past Edited by Charles B. Stone and Lucas M. Bietti First published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2016 C. Stone and L. Bietti The right of the editors to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Contextualizing human memory : an interdisciplinary approach to understanding how individuals and groups remember the past / edited by Charles B. Stone and Lucas M. Bietti. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Memory—Social aspects. 2. Collective memory. 3. Cognition. 4. Social psychology. I. Stone, Charles B. II. Bietti, Lucas M. BF378.S65C667 2015 153.12—dc23 2014046234 ISBN: 978-0-415-74122-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-81539-8 (ebk) Typeset in Galliard by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents List of illustrations vii List of contributors viii 1 An introduction to contextualizing human memory 1 CHARLES B. STONE AND LUCAS M. BIETTI PART I Cognitive and psychological perspectives 9 2 Contextualizing traumatic memories: the role of self-identity in the construction of autobiographical memory in posttraumatic stress disorder 11 ADAM D. BROWN, NICOLE A. KOURI, AND JULIA E. SUPERKA 3 Contextualizing silence: a psychological approach to understanding the mnemonic consequences of selective silence in social interactions 23 CHARLES B. STONE 4 Emotional context, rehearsal and memories: the mutual contributions and possible integration of flashbulb memory and eyewitness identification research 37 RAFAELE DUMAS AND OLIVIER LUMINET PART II Social and cultural perspectives 67 5 Context in the cultural psychology of remembering: illustrated with a case study of conflict in national memory 69 IGNACIO BRESCÓ AND BRADY WAGONER vi Contents 6 Concepts of social context in memory: social scientific approaches 86 CHRISTIAN GUDEHUS 7 Shared beliefs about world history and cultural context: a theoretical review and a collective-level analysis 102 DARÍO PÁEZ, MAGDALENA BOBOWIK, JAMES H. LIU, AND NEKANE BASABE PART III Cognitive linguistics and philosophical perspectives 125 8 Contextualizing embodied remembering: autobiographical narratives and multimodal communication 127 LUCAS M. BIETTI 9 Scaffolded joint action as a micro-foundation of organizational learning 154 BRIAN R. GORDON AND GEORG THEINER 10 Scaffolding memory: themes, taxonomies, puzzles 187 JOHN SUTTON PART IV Conclusion 207 11 The (social) context of memory 209 WILLIAM HIRST Index 217 Illustrations Figures 4.1 Model of flashbulb memory and event memory formation from Finkenauer et al. 49 4.2 Model of flashbulb memory and event memory formation from Tinti et al. 50 8.1 Structure and duration of the autobiographical episode across contexts of remembering 133 9.1 The ‘scaffolded joint action’ model 173 Tables 5.1 Examples of the different type of news sources provided to participants 76 5.2 Thematization of the Basque conflict and subjects’ positionings 80 5.3 Future solutions to the Basque conflict 81 7.1 Cultural dimensions: definitions 104 7.2 Classification of shared beliefs about history 106 7.3 Means and correlations between beliefs about history and socio-structural and cultural indices 109 8.1 Contexts of embodied remembering 145 Contributors Nekane Basabe Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Social Psychology at the University of Basque Country in Spain and a member of the Research Group ‘Culture, Cognition and Emotion’ at www.ehu.es/es/web/psicologiasocialcce. The main topics of her research are: (1) Health social psychology, (2) Migra- tion, cultural shock, acculturation, and ethnic identities, and (3) Collective processes of cognition and emotion and cross-cultural social psychology. She has fifty-three publications in journals, twenty in JCR, twenty-three in SCImago- SJR and others in Spanish and Latin-American journals. Since 1991 she has taught several undergraduate and graduate courses: health social psychology, social psychology, group and organizational social psychology, psychology and communication. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4753-4299 Lucas M. Bietti is an Ambizione Fellow of the Swiss National Science Foundation at the Institute of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Neuchatel. Previously, he was a Marie Curie Research Fellow at Telecom ParisTech and an Alexander von Humboldt Postdoctoral Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities (KWI), Essen. In 2011–2012 he was also a Visiting Scholar in the Department of Language and Communication at VU University Amsterdam. His research interests include multimodal interaction, alignment, collaborative remembering, collaborative learning, and embodied and distributed cognition. Magdalena Bobowik is a Research Fellow in the Department of Social Psychology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences at the University of the Basque Country. Magdalena completed her Ph.D. at the University of the Basque Country and her undergraduate studies at Warsaw University. Her research interests lie in the area of psychology of intergroup relations, cross-cultural psychology, political psychology, and positive psychology. Among other things, her work examines the collective memory of past collective violence and social representations of history. Ignacio Brescó is currently working as a postdoc at the Centre for Cultural Psy- chology, Aalborg University. He received his Ph.D. from the Autonomous University of Madrid, where he worked as an associate professor until 2014. His research interests revolve around collective memory and identity, the teach- ing of history, positioning theory and the narrative mediation of remembering. Contributors ix Adam Brown is Professor of Psychology at Sarah Lawrence College and Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research Program in the Department of Psychiatry at New York University School of Medicine. He received his Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the New School for Social Research and completed a two-year post-doctoral fellowship in brain imaging at Weill Medical College of Cornell University. His research interests focuses primarily on using methods from experimental psychology to identify cogni- tive and neural alterations in post-traumatic stress disorder. He is the recipient of grants from the National Institutes of Health, US Department of Defense, Fulbright, and private foundations. His work appears in numerous scholarly journals, he serves on the editorial board of Memory Studies, and he co-edited the interdisciplinary volume Memory and the Future: Transnational Politics, Ethics, and Society. Rafaele Dumas is Professor of Legal Psychology at the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL). She did her Ph.D. at Université Rennes 2 (France) and a post-doctoral fellowship at John Jay College of Criminal Justice (New York, USA). Her research interests are anchored in the area of Social Psychology and Law and related to criminal stereotypes, eyewitness identification, jurors’ decision-making and pre-trial publicity. Brian Gordon is a strategy and innovation consultant based in San Francisco, working primarily with firms in high technology and science-based indus- tries. Currently, his scholarly research is focused on issues related to strate- gic knowledge creation, joint action and organizational capabilities, and how firms organize to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities. He received his Ph.D. from Simon Fraser University. Christian Gudehus is a social psychologist (Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Social Science) whose research has focused on memory studies, reception studies (with an emphasis on film, exhibitions, and memorials), as well as on the social psychology of collective violence. He has taught and undertaken research in several institutions, such as the Ruhr University (Bochum), the Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities (Essen), the Institute for Culture Studies and Theatre History of the Austrian Academy of Science, the Centro de Estudios Sobre Genocido at the Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero (Buenos Aires), Sciences Po (Paris), and the Université de Paris Ouest–Nanterre La Défense (Paris). He has published widely on the afore- mentioned and other subjects. Amongst others he co-edited an interdisciplin- ary Handbook on Memory and Remembrance (with Ariane Eichenberg and Harald Welzer, 2010) and the Handbook on Violence (with Michaela Christ, 2013). Since 2014 Christian Gudehus has been Editor-in-Chief of Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal. William Hirst is Professor of Psychology at the New School for Social Research. His main interest has been in exploring the contribution of the cognitive sci- ences to the study of social memory. He is particularly interested in the social