CONTEMPORARY APPLIED LINGUISTICS VOLUME 2 LINGUISTICS FOR THE REAL WORLD Continuum Contemporary Studies in Linguistics Continuum Contemporary Studies in Linguistics series presents a snapshot of the current research being undertaken in the core areas of linguistics. Written by internationally renowned linguists, the volumes provide a selection of the best scholarship in each area. Each of the chapters appears on the basis of its impor- tance to the fi eld, but also with regards to its wider signifi cance either in terms of methodology, practical application or conclusions. The result is a stimulating con- temporary snapshot of the fi eld and a vibrant reader for each of the areas covered in the series. Contemporary Stylistics Edited by Marina Lambrou and Peter Stockwell Contemporary Corpus Linguistics Edited by Paul Baker Contemporary Applied Linguistics Vols 1 and 2 Edited by Li Wei and Vivian Cook Contemporary Applied Linguistics Edited by Li Wei and Vivian Cook Volume 2 Linguistics for the Real World Edited by Li Wei Continuum International Publishing Group The Tower Building 80 Maiden Lane, Suite 704 11 York Road New York London SE1 7NX NY 10038 © Li Wei, Vivian Cook and Contributors 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-0-8264-9681-2 (Hardback) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Publisher has applied for CIP data. Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by the MPG Books Group Contents Notes on Contributors vii Acknowledgements xi Introduction: Linguistics for the Real World 1 Li Wei and Vivian Cook Chapter 1 Globalization, Multilingualism, and Gender: 10 Looking into the Future Ingrid Piller and Aneta Pavlenko Chapter 2 Language and Economy 28 Florian Coulmas Chapter 3 Linguistic Diversity and Poverty: Many Languages and 46 Poor People in a Globalizing World Suzanne Romaine Chapter 4 Religious Language Management 65 Bernard Spolsky Chapter 5 Language and Culture 83 Nick Enfi eld Chapter 6 Four-Borne Discourses: Towards Language as 98 a Multi-Dimensional City Gu Yueguo Chapter 7 Discourse in Organizations and Workplaces 122 Britt-Louise Gunnarsson Chapter 8 Political Discourse and Translation 142 Christina Schäffner Chapter 9 Language and the Law 164 John Gibbons Chapter 10 Neurolinguistics and the Non-monolingual Brain 184 Marjorie Lorch vi Contents Chapter 11 Clinical Phonology 202 Martin J. Ball and Nicole Müller Chapter 12 Sign Linguistics, Sign Language Learning and 223 Sign Bilingualism Gary Morgan and Bencie Woll Personal Name Index 243 Subject Index 244 Notes on Contributors Martin Ball, Ph.D., [email protected], is Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Pro- fessor at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics. His research interests are sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. His most recent book is Handbook of Clinical Linguistics (co-edited with Mick Perkins, Nicole Müller and Sara Howard. Blackwell, 2008). Vivian Cook, Ph.D., [email protected], is Professor of Applied Linguistics at Newcastle University, UK. He is interested in the multi-competence approach to SLA research and writing systems. He is joint editor of the journal Writing Systems Research (OUP). Florian Coulmas, Ph.D., [email protected], is Director of the German Institute for Japanese Studies, Tokyo and Professor of Japanese Studies, University Duisburg- Essen, on leave of absence. He has taught and done research in various environ- ments, including The National Language Research Institute, Tokyo, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA, and Chuo University, Tokyo. His most recent books in linguistics are Language Regimes in Transformation (ed.), Mouton de Gruyter 2007, and Sociolinguistics: The Study of Speakers’ Choices, Cambridge University Press 2005. Nick Enfi eld, Ph.D., nick.enfi [email protected], is a senior staff scientist in the Language and Cognition Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen. His research interests include language, culture, cognition and social interaction. His books (edited and authored) include Ethnosyntax (2002), Linguistic Epidemiology (2003), Roots of Human Sociality (with SC Levinson, 2006), Person Reference in Interac- tion (with T Stivers, 2007), A Grammar of Lao (2007) and The Anatomy of Meaning (2009). John Gibbons, Ph.D., [email protected], was Professor of Linguistics at Hong Kong Baptist University until retirement. He had previously worked in the University of Sydney, Australia and the University of Hong Kong. His main research interests are language and the law, and bilingualism. His publications include Language and the Law (Longman, 1994) and Forensic Linguistics (Blackwell, 2003). viii Notes on Contributors Gu Yueguo, Ph.D., [email protected], is Research Professor of Linguistics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. His research interests include: Corpus linguistics, pragmatics, discourse analysis and online education. His recent publi- cations included ‘Multimodal Text Analysis: A Corpus Linguistics Approach’(Text and Talk, 2006), Using the Computer in ELT: Technology, Practice, and Theory (2006, Beijing: FLTRP) and Exploring Online Education (2007, Beijing: FLTRP). Britt-Louise Gunnarsson, Ph.D., [email protected], is Profes- sor of Modern Swedish and Sociolinguistics at Uppsala University. Her research interests are sociolinguistics, text linguistics, discourse analysis and professional communication. Her recent publications include the single-authored monograph Professional Discourse (Continuum, 2009) and chapters published in Encyclopedia of Language and Education (2008), Sage Benchmarks in Discourse Studies (2007), Hand- book of Pragmatics (2006) and Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2005). Li Wei, Ph.D., [email protected], is Professor of Applied Linguistics at Birkbeck College, University of London. His research interests include bilingual and inter- cultural pragmatics. He is Principal Editor of the International Journal of Bilingual- ism (Sage). His recent publications include the Blackwell Guide to Research Methods in Bilingualism and Multilingualism (with Melissa Moyer, 2007) and the Handbook of Multilingual and Multilingual Communication (with Peter Auer, 2008, Mouton de Gruyter). Marjorie Lorch, Ph.D., [email protected], is Professor of Neurolinguistics at Birkbeck College, University of London. Her research investigates the function of language as a human biological endowment through a range of issues including neurological disorder, development and aging, bilingual and cross-linguistic issues, communication systems and literacy. Her publications engage a large international audience bridging applied linguistics to medical practitioners, psychologists, edu- cators and historians. Gary Morgan, Ph.D., [email protected], is Professor of Psychology at City Uni- versity London and Deputy Director of DCAL at UCL. His research interests include: sign languages, bilingualism and deaf children. His recent publications include papers in Cognitive Development, First Language, Applied Psycholinguistics and Journal of Child Language. With colleagues he is just fi nishing a book on sign lan- guage learning in the polyglot Savant Christopher – Smith, N., Tsimpli, I. M., Morgan, G. and Woll, B. Signs of the Savant. Cambridge University Press. Nicole Müller, Ph.D., [email protected], is Professor of Communicative Disorders at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. She has recently co-edited the Handbook of Clinical Linguistics, and co-authored Phonetics for Communication Disorders, Phonology for Communication Disorders, and Approaches to Discourse in Dementia. She is co-editor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics. Notes on Contributors ix Aneta Pavlenko, Ph.D., [email protected], is Professor of TESOL at Temple University. Her research involves psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics of bilin- gualism. Her recent books include Emotions and Multilingualism (Cambridge Uni- versity Press, 2005), Bilingual Minds (Multilingual Matters, 2006), Crosslinguistic Infl uence in Language and Cognition (with Scott Jarvis, Routledge, 2008), and Multi- lingualism in Post-Soviet Countries (Multilingual Matters, 2008). Ingrid Piller, Ph.D., [email protected], is the founding director of the Center for Bilingualism and Bilingual Education in the Arab World at Zayed Uni- versity in the United Arab Emirates. Her research is in the sociolinguistics of lan- guage learning and intercultural communication. Her books include Bilingual Couples Talk (Benjamins, 2002) and she is currently working on a textbook on Inter- cultural Communication for Edinburgh University Press. Suzanne Romaine, D.Phil., [email protected] has been Merton Professor of English Language at the University of Oxford since 1984. She has received honorary doctorates from the University of Uppsala and the University of Tromsø. She is co-author of Vanishing Voices. The Extinction of the World’s Languages, which won the British Association of Applied Linguistics book of the year prize in 2001. Christina Schäffner, Ph.D., [email protected], is Professor of Translation Studies at Aston University, Birmingham. Her research interests are Translation and Politics, Political Discourse Analysis; Metaphor and Translation, and Transla- tion Didactics. Her recent publications include Translation Research and Interpreting Research: Traditions, Gaps and Synergies (ed., 2004), ‘Political Discourse Analysis from the Point of View of Translation Studies’, Journal of Language and Politics, 3/2004, ‘Metaphor and Translation: Some Implications of a Cognitive Approach, Journal of Pragmatics, 2004. Bernard Spolsky, Ph.D., [email protected], is professor emeritus in the Depart- ment of English at Bar-Ilan University Israel. His most recent research interest is language policy and language management. His books include Language Policy (Cambridge University Press in 2004), The Handbook of Educational Linguistics (edited with Francis Hult and published by Blackwell, 2008) and Language Manage- ment (Cambridge, 2009). Bencie Woll, Ph.D., [email protected], is Professor of Sign Language and Deaf Studies, and Director of the Deafness Cognition and Language Research Centre at UCL. Her research interests embrace a wide range of topics related to sign language. These include the linguistics of British Sign Language (BSL) and other sign languages, the history and sociolinguistics of BSL and the Deaf commu- nity, the development of BSL in young children, and sign language and the brain. Her publications include The Linguistics of BSL: An Introduction (with Rachel