Construction Project Management Construction Project Management A Practical Guide to Field Construction Management Sixth Edition S. Keoki Sears Glenn A. Sears Richard H. Clough Jerald L. Rounds Robert O. Segner, Jr. Cover Design: Wiley Cover Images: Capsher Technology building photograph by Jennifer Olson, design by The Arkitex Studio, Inc.; Mesh Background © iStock.com/Zhenikeyev This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. 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TH438.S43 2015 690.068'4—dc23 2014041076 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Preface vi 1 Construction Practices 1 2 Systematic Project Management 19 3 Project Estimating 35 4 Project Planning 71 5 Project Scheduling Concepts 97 6 Production Planning 143 7 Managing Time 161 8 Resource Management 191 9 Project Scheduling Applications 213 10 Project Coordination 241 11 Project Cost System 275 12 Project Financial Management 309 Index 335 Additional resources for students and instructors are available on the book’s companion website at www.wiley.com/go/cpm6e. The following icon is used throughout the text to indicate content for which a related resource is available on the site: v Preface This sixth edition of the well‐respected text on construction project man- agement represents a signif cant revision. The intent is to retain the f avor and quality of the classic book while eliminating some of the detail and updating the content. The content is en hanced by the addition of new material introducing some rapidly evolving topics in construction project management. New instructional materials have also been added to each chapter to increase its value in the classroom. A new example project, se- lected from the building sector, has been incorporated. Finally, this book takes advantage of advances in technology by employing a companion website that contains material that was appended at the end of the book or inserted as oversized f gures in previous editions. S ome detail (such as the detailed cost estimate) and some older content, such as that describing the Arrow Diagramming Method for Critical Path r- ep resentation have been greatly reduced or eliminated. The coverage of other topics has been increased, and new topicsh ave been added. Reference to line‐ of‐balance scheduling, which provides a valuable representation of repetitive projects, has been expanded. An introduction to Building Information Mo-d eling (BIM) and its associated contract basis founded on Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) has been added. Also a section and various references through- out the book have been added to introduce the basics of lean construction. T o support the use of t he book in a learning environment, an intro - ductory section for each chapter has been added that includes a bulleted list of learning objectives. At the end of each chapter, a list of key points from the chapter has been provided, together with review questions an d problems. To support live delivery of classes, a set of PowerPoint slides has been prepared for each chapter. It is anticipated that these instructional enhancements will enrich the learning experience provided by the book. T o broaden the scope of the sixth edition, a new example project in the form of a commercial building has been added. The bridge example is re- tained and in many instances is ht e single example of reference where topics are addressed that represent the building sector as well as the heavy civil sector. vii viii Preface T he building example is an actual project, in the form of a single‐story of- f ce building constructed in 2006–2007 for a technology company engaged in computer programming and consulting. The design and construction in-for mation for the building project was graciously provided to the authors for- in clusion in this book by the project design team, ht e contractor, and the owner. A picture of the building, shown on the book cover, was also provided. A building, by nature, is far more complex than a bridge. Whereas the bridge is primarily composed of structure and earthwork, and can be fully described in a few drawings, a building contains structure and earthwork, but it also contains an enve lope to keep the elements out and to ena ble control of the interior environment. A ll surfaces in t he building, includ- ing f oors, walls, and cei lings, require f nishes. Buildings have openings requiring doors and windows and the associated hardware. They typical- ly have architectural features such as millwork and signage. Moreover, a building contains a number of systems, such as mechanical, plumbing, f re safety, electrical, and low‐voltage systems for security and communication. Each of these building elements must be fully designed and represented in graphical models (the drawings). As a result, though the building is relatively small and uncomplicated, the design of our commercial building example project encompasses some 40 pages of drawings. The inclusion of this complete set of drawings is made possible only by linking a companion website to the book. The companion website is accessed through the fol- lowing URL: www.wiley.com/go/cpm6e. I n addition to the commercial building drawings, a number of other useful items will be found on the companion website. On the website will be found the f gures that were large enough in previous editions to require cumbersome fold‐out pages. These are referred to as charts in this edition to distinguish them from f gures embedded in the text. Providing them in digital format on the companion website is consistent with the industry trend away from paper documentation. Relevant appendix material from previous editions has also been retained on the companion website. Final- ly, an instructor‐only, password accessible location on the website holds an answer key for the end‐of‐chapter review questions and problems, as well as the PowerPoint presentations. A new team of authors has taken on t he responsibility to develop this sixth edition of Construction Project Management. Jerald L. Rounds and Robert O. Segner, Jr. are honored to have been chosen to continue the ex- cellence of C onstruction Project Management initiated by Richard H. Clough and continued through many revisions by Glenn A. Sears an d more recently by S. Keoki Sears. J erald L. Rounds and Robert O. Segner, Jr.