Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2084 EditedbyG.Goos,J.HartmanisandJ.vanLeeuwen 3 Berlin Heidelberg NewYork Barcelona HongKong London Milan Paris Singapore Tokyo Jose´ Mira Alberto Prieto (Eds.) Connectionist Models of Neurons, Learning Processes, and Artificial Intelligence 6th International Work-Conference on ArtificialandNaturalNeuralNetworks,IWANN2001 Granada, Spain, June 13-15, 2001 Proceedings, Part I 1 3 SeriesEditors GerhardGoos,KarlsruheUniversity,Germany JurisHartmanis,CornellUniversity,NY,USA JanvanLeeuwen,UtrechtUniversity,TheNetherlands VolumeEditors Jose´Mira UniversidadNacionaldeEducaciónaDistancia DepartamentodeInteligenciaArtificial SendadelRey,s/n.,28040Madrid,Spain E-mail:[email protected] AlbertoPrieto UniversidaddeGranada DepartamentodeArquitecturayTecnolog´iadeComputadores CampusFuentenueva,18071Granada,Spain E-mail:[email protected] Cataloging-in-PublicationDataappliedfor DieDeutscheBibliothek-CIP-Einheitsaufnahme InternationalWorkConferenceonArtificialandNaturalNetworks<6, 2001,Granada>: 6thInternationalWorkConferenceonArtificialandNaturalNeuralNetworks; Granada,Spain,June13-15,2001;proceedings/IWANN2001.Jose´Mira; AlbertoPrieto(ed.).-Berlin;Heidelberg;NewoYork;Barcelona;Hong Kong;London;Milan;Paris;Singapore;Tokyo:Springer Pt.1.Connectionistmodelsofneurons,learningprocesses,andartificial intelligence.-2001 (Lecturenotesincomputerscience;Vol.2084) ISBN3-540-42235-8 CRSubjectClassification(1998):F.1,F.2,I.2,G.2,I.4,I.5,J.3,J.4,J.1 ISSN0302-9743 ISBN3-540-42235-8Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer-Verlag.Violationsare liableforprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork amemberofBertelsmannSpringerScience+BusinessMediaGmbH http://www.springer.de ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2001 PrintedinGermany Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyOlgunComputergrafik Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN10839312 06/3142 543210 Preface Underlying most of the IWANN calls for papers is the aim to reassume some of themotivationsofthegroundworkstagesofbiocyberneticsandthelaterbionics formulations and to try to reconsider the present value of two basic questions. The first one is: “What does neuroscience bring into computation (the new bionics)?” That is to say, how can we seek inspiration in biology? Titles such as “computational intelligence”, “artificial neural nets”, “genetic algorithms”, “evolutionaryhardware”,“evolutivearchitectures”,“embryonics”,“sensoryneu- romorphicsystems”,and“emotionalrobotics”arerepresentativesofthepresent interest in “biological electronics” (bionics). The second question is: “What can return computation to neuroscience (the newneurocybernetics)?”Thatistosay,howcanmathematics,electronics,com- puterscience,andartificialintelligencehelptheneurobiologiststoimprovetheir experimentaldatamodelingandtomoveastepforwardtowardstheunderstand- ing of the nervous system? Relevant here are the general philosophy of the IWANN conferences, the sustainedinterdisciplinaryapproach,andtheglobalstrategy,againandagainto bring together physiologists and computer experts to consider the common and pertinent questions and the shared methods to answer these questions. Unfortunately,wehavenotalwaysbeensuccessfulinthesixbiennialmeetings from 1991. Frequently the well-known computational models of the past have beenrepeatedandourunderstandingabouttheneuralfunctioningofrealbrains is still scarce. Also the biological influence on computation has not always been usedwiththenecessarymethodologicalcare.HoweverIWANN2001constituted anewattempttoformulatenewmodelsofbio-inspiredneuralcomputationwith the deeply-held conviction that the interdisciplinary way is, possibly, the most useful one. IWANN 2001, the 6th International Work-Conference in Artificial and Nat- ural Neural Networks, took place in Granada (Spain) June 13-15, 2001, and addressed the following topics: 1. Foundations of connectionism. Brain organization principles. Connec- tionist versus symbolic representations. 2. Biophysical models of neurons. Ionic channels, synaptic level, neurons, and circuits. 3. Structural and functional models of neurons.Analogue,digital,prob- abilistic, Bayesian, fuzzy, object oriented, and energy related formulations. 4. Learning and other plasticity phenomena.Supervised,non-supervised, andreinforcementalgorithms.Biologicalmechanismsofadaptationandplas- ticity. 5. Complex systems dynamics. Optimization, self-organization, and coop- erative processes. Evolutionary and genetic algorithms. Large scale neural models. VI Preface 6. Artificial intelligence and cognitive processes. Knowledge modeling. Naturallanguageunderstanding.Intelligentmulti-agentsystems.Distributed AI. 7. Methodology for nets design. Data analysis, task identification, and re- cursive hierarchical design. 8. Nets simulation and implementation. Development environments and editing tools. Implementation. Evolving hardware. 9. Bio-inspired systems and engineering. Signal processing, neural pros- theses,retinomorphicsystems,andotherneuraladaptiveprostheticdevices. Molecular computing. 10. Other applications. Artificial vision, speech recognition, spatio-temporal planning, and scheduling. Data mining. Sources separation. Applications of ANNs in robotics, economy, internet, medicine, education, and industry. IWANN2001wasorganizedbytheUniversidadNacionaldeEducacio´naDistan- cia,UNED(Madrid),andtheUniversidaddeGranada,UGR(Granada),alsoin cooperationwithIFIP(WorkingGroupinNeuralComputerSystems,WG10.6), and the Spanish RIG IEEE Neural Networks Council. Sponsorship was obtained from the Spanish CICYT and the organizing uni- versities (UNED and UGR). The papers presented here correspond to talks delivered at the conference. After the evaluation process, 200 papers were accepted for oral or poster pre- sentation,accordingtotherecommendationsofreviewersandtheauthors’pref- erences. We have organized these papers in two volumes arranged basically fol- lowing the topics list included in the call for papers. The first volume, entitled “Connectionist Models of Neurons, Learning Processes, and Artificial Intelli- gence” is divided into four main parts and includes the contributions on: I. Foundations of connectionism and biophysical models of neurons. II. Structural and functional models of neurons. III. Learning and other plasticity phenomena, and complex systems dynamics. IV. Artificial intelligence and cognitive processes. In the second volume, with the title, “Bio-inspired Applications of Connection- ism”, we have included the contributions dealing with applications. These con- tributions are grouped into three parts: I. Bio-inspired systems and engineering. II. Methodology for nets design, and nets simulation and implementation. III. Other applications (including image processing, medical applications, robotics, data analysis, etc.). We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the members of the organizing andprogramcommittees,inparticulartoF.delaPazandJ.R.A´lvarez-S´anchez, to the reviewers, and to the organizers of preorganized sessions for their invalu- ableeffortinhelpingwiththepreparationofthisconference.Thanksalsotothe invited speakers for their effort in preparing the plenary lectures. Last,butnotleast,theeditorswouldliketothankSpringer-Verlag,inpartic- ularAlfredHofmann,forthecontinuousandexcellentcooperativecollaboration Preface VII from the first IWANN in Granada (1991, LNCS 540), the successive meetings in Sitges (1993, LNCS 686), Torremolinos (1995, LNCS 930), Lanzarote (1997, LNCS1240),Alicante(1999,LNCS1606and1607),andnowagaininGranada. June 2001 Jos´e Mira Alberto Prieto VIII Preface Invited Speakers Oscar Herreras, Dept. of Research. Hospital Ram´on y Cajal (Spain) Daniel Mange, Logic Systems Laboratory, IN-Ecublens (Switzerland) Leonardo Reyneri, Dip. Elettronica, Politecnico di Torino (Italy) John Rinzel, Center for Neural Science, New York University (USA) Field Editors Igor Aizenberg, Neural Networks Technologies Ltd. (Israel) Amparo Alonso Betanzos, University of A Corun˜a (Spain) Jose Manuel Benitez Sanchez, Universidad de Granada (Spain) Enrique Castillo Ron, Universidad de Cantabria (Spain) Andreu Catal`a Mallofr´e, Univ. Polit`ecnica de Catalunya (Spain) Carolina Chang, Universidad Simo´n Bol´ıvar (Venezuela) Carlos Cotta, University of Ma´laga (Spain) Richard Duro, Universidade da Corun˜a (Spain) Marcos Faundez-Zanuy, Univ. Polit`ecnica de Catalunya (Spain) Carlos Garcia Puntonet, Universidad de Granada (Spain) Gonzalo Joya, Universidad de Ma´laga (Spain) Christian Jutten, Inst. National Polytechnique de Grenoble (France) Dario Maravall, Universidad Polit´ecnica de Madrid (Spain) Eduardo S´anchez, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Jos´e Santos Reyes, Universidade da Corun˜a (Spain) Kate Smith, Monash University (Australia) Preface IX Reviewers Igor Aleksander, Imperial College of Sci. Tech. and Medicine (UK) Jos´e Ram´on A´lvarez-S´anchez, UNED (Spain) Shun-ichi Amari, RIKEN (Japan) A. Bahamonde, Universidad de Oviedo en Gijo´n (Spain) Sen´en Barro Ameneiro, Univ. Santiago de Compostela (Spain) J. Cabestany, Universidad Polit´ecnica de Catalun˜a (Spain) Marie Cottrell, Universit´e Paris 1 (France) F´elix de la Paz L´opez, UNED (Spain) Ana E. Delgado Garc´ıa, UNED (Spain) A´ngel P. Del Pobil, Universidad Jaime I de Castell´on (Spain) Jos´e Dorronsoro, Universidad Auto´noma de Madrid (Spain) Jos´e Manuel Ferr´andez, Universidad Miguel Hernandez (Spain) Kunihiko Fukushima, Osaka Univ (Japan) Tamas Gedeon, Murdoch University (Australia) Karl Goser, Univ. Dortmund (Germany) Manuel Gran˜a Romay, Universidad Pais Vasco (Spain) J. H´erault, Inst. N. P. Grenoble (France) O´scar Herreras, Hospital Ram´on y Cajal (Spain) Gonzalo Joya, Universidad de Ma´laga (Spain) Christian Jutten, Inst. National Polytechnique de Grenoble (France) Shahla Keyvan, University of Missouri-Rolla (USA) Daniel Mange, IN-Ecublens (Switzerland) Dar´ıo Maravall, Universidad Polit´ecnica de Madrid (Spain) Eve Marder, Brandeis University (USA) Jos´e Mira, UNED (Spain) J.M. Moreno Ar´ostegui, Univ. Polit´ecnica de Catalun˜a (Spain) Christian W. Omlin, University of Western Cape South (Africa) Julio Ortega Lopera, Universidad de Granada (Spain) F.J. Pelayo, Universidad de Granada (Spain) Franz Pichler, Johannes Kepler University (Austria) Alberto Prieto Espinosa, Universidad de Granada (Spain) Leonardo Maria Reyneri, Politecnico di Torino (Italy) John Rinzel, New York University (USA) J.V. S´anchez-Andr´es, Universidad de Alicante (Spain) Francisco Sandoval, Universidad de Ma´laga (Spain) J.A. Sigu¨enza, Universidad Auto´noma de Madrid (Spain) M. Verleysen, Universite Catholique de Louvin (Belgium)