Confucian Reform in Chosŏn Korea Pan’gye surok was written by the Korean scholar and social critic Yu Hyŏngwŏn (1622–1673), who proposed to reform the Chosŏn dynasty and realize an ideal Confucian society. It was recognized as a leading work of political science by Yu’s contemporaries and continues to be a key text in understanding the intellectual culture of the late Chosŏn period. Yu describes the problems of the political and social realities of seventeenth-century Korea, reporting on his attempts to solve these problems using a Confucian philosophical approach. In doing so, he establishes most of the key terminology relating to politics and society in Korea in the late Chosŏn period. His writings were used as a model for reforms within Korea over the following centuries, inspiring social pioneers such as Yi Ik and Chŏng Yagyong. Pan’gye surok demonstrates how Confucian thought spread outside China and how it was modified to fit the situation on the Korean peninsula. Providing both the first English translation of principal parts of the Pan’gye surok text and the glossaries, annotations, and research papers on the importance of the text, this four- volume set is an essential resource for international scholars of Korean and East Asian history. Routledge Advances in Korean Studies The Korean War and Postmemory Generation Contemporary Korean Arts and Films Dong-Yeon Koh The Candlelight Movement, Democracy, and Communi- cation in Korea JongHwa Lee, Chuyun Oh and Yong-Chan Kim South Korea’s foreign aid The domestic politics of middle power diplomacy Hyo-sook Kim Commons Perspectives in South Korea Contexts, Fields, and Alternatives Edited by Hyun Choe, Ja-Kyung Kim, Hun-Gyo Jang, Yea-Yl Yoon and Suh-Hyun Park Confucian Reform in Chosun Korea Yu Hyŏngwŏn’s Pan’gye surok Edited by Woosung Bae Social Policy Dynamics in South Korea Soon-Yang Kim Korean Film and Festivals Global Transcultural Flows Soon-Yang Kim For more information about this series, please visit: www. routledge.com/asianstudies/series/SE0505 Confucian Reform in Chosŏn Korea Yu Hyŏngwŏn’s Pan’gye surok (Volume II) Edited by Woosung Bae First published 2023 by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business © 2023 Woosung Bae and associated translators The right of Woosung Bae and associated translators to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 9781032181561 (hbk) ISBN: 9781032181578 (pbk) ISBN: 9781003253143 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781003253143 Typeset in Times New Roman by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India Contents List of Contributors vii Translator’s Notes ix About the Book xi Pan’gye surok Book One: The Field System 1 1 TRANSLATED BY YOONJEONG SHIM Clauses on the Distribution of Field and the Determination of Taxes 1 Idle Talk 146 Index 209 Contributors Woosung Bae, editor, is Professor in the Department of Korean History at the University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea, and Visiting Scholar at Korea Institute, Harvard University (January 2009 to January 2010). He is also the author of Chosŏn and Chunghwa: The World and Civilization That Chosŏn Dreamt and Imagined, Tolbegae, 2014. Yoonjeong Shim, translator, has a Ph.D. in Korean history and co-translated The Veritable Records of King Sejong 1 (Gwacheon, Gyeonggi: National Institute of Korean History, 2016). Kenneth R. Robinson, copy editor, is a former Senior Associate Professor at International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan (Division of Social Sciences). He has co- translated with JaHyun Kim Haboush A Korean War Captive in Japan, 1597–1600: The Writings of Kang Hang (New York: Columbia University Press, 2013). Translator’s Notes · The standards and rules outlined in The Chicago Manual of Style (16th edition) are to be followed. · The spelling of Korean terms in English follows McCune- Reischauer Romanization and the terms are marked with “K.” · The spelling of Chinese terms in English follows Chinese Pinyin and the terms are marked with “C.” · Yu Hyŏngwŏn’s original notes are marked with “【 】.” · Yu Hyŏngwŏn’s detailed notes in the paragraphs inside “【 】” are marked with “ [ ] .” · The translation of Pan’gye surok includes materials such as “Preface I,” “Preface II,” “Biographical Account of Yu Hyŏngwŏn,” “Field System,” “Supplemental Pan’gye surok,” “Postscript to Pan’gye surok,” and “Governance and Civilization.” · The translation of Pan’gye surok and Supplemental Pan’gye surok is based on the photo-print of Pan’gye surok, which is published by Dongguk-munhwasa in 1958, along with other editions stored in the Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies and in the National Library of Korea. · The photographed images of Pan’gye surok is produced from the original book of Pan’gye surok (想白古0 31-Y91b-v.1-13), which is stored in the Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies. · The photographed images of Supplemental Pan’gye surok is produced from the original book of Pan’gye surok poyu (古 2700-35), which is stored in the National Library of Korea.