Roe) Egyptology, Egyptomania, Egyptian Madernit} PA A Teen Conflicted Antiquities EGYPTOLOGY, EGYPTOMANIA, EGYPTIAN MODERNITY Elliott Colla Duke University Press Durham and London 2007 © 2007 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Designed by C. H. Westmoreland Typeset in Warnock Pro by Achorn International Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. Duke University Press gratefully acknowledges the support of Brown University, which provided funds toward the production of this book. To Josephine, who sent me, and Dele, who welcomed me home. And always, to Nadia, whod rather come along. Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS... .ix Introduction: The Egyptian Sculpture Room... . 1 1 The Artifaction of the Memnon Head... . 24 Ozymandias . 2 Conflicted Antiquities: Islam’s Pharaoh and Emergent Egyptology. . . . 72 The Antiqakhana.. . . 116 3 Pharaonic Selves... . 121 Two Pharaohs. . . . 166 4 The Discovery of Tutankhamen’s Tomb: Archaeology, Politics, Literature... . 172 Nahdat Misr. . . . 227 5 Pharaonism after Pharaonism: Mahfouz and Qutb... . 234 Conclusion... . 273 NOTES....279 BIBLIOGRAPHY... . 311 INDEX... . 329 Acknowledgments This book did not come into being by itself, nor was it produced single- handedly. In conducting my research for the book I was fortunate to be assisted by the able team of Ghenwa Hayek and Ben Kamber in Provi- dence, Kouross Esmaeli in New York, and Reham Shams El-Dean in Cairo. Likewise invaluable was the assistance of the staffs at Dar al-Kutub, Dar al-Watha’iq, the British Library, the British Museum, and the Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres. Charles Auger and Carol Wilson-Allen pro- vided continuous and patient assistance throughout. My research was also supported by a variety of generous institutions, including ssrc, the Townsend Center for the Humanities at uc Berkeley, the Wriston and Solomon Fellowships at Brown, and, finally, the Andew W. Mellon Foun- dation. Without the mentorship and encouragement of Gaber Asfour and Sayyid Bahrawi in Cairo, I would have been lost many years ago—thank you. I have also benefited greatly from the comments, critiques, and friend- ship of many colleagues who read drafts of chapters. Special—and ad- mittedly tardy—gratitude is owed to those around Berkeley who read the fragments of a dissertation and encouraged me to make it more: Abdul JanMohamed, Priya Joshi, Margaret Larkin, Michael Lucey, James Mon- roe, Stefania Pandolfo, Tony Brown, Jeff Fort, Carolina Gonzalez, Leah Middlebrook, Nancy Reynolds, and Jonathan Zatlin. The entire manu- script benefited greatly from continuous and generous feedback from many colleagues in New York, including most especially Lila Abu-Lughod, Ammiel Alcalay, Shiva Balaghi, Samera Esmeir, Khaled Fahmy, Ilana Feld- man, Phil Kennedy, Zach Lockman, Muhsin al-Musawi, Kamran Rastegar, Everett I. Rowson, and Nader Uthman. Thanks to Timothy Mitchell, Fred Cooper, Jane Burbank, Allan Hunter, Kate Zaloom, and the 2004—05 ICAS group for pushing chapter 1 in new directions during my time at Nyu. The intervention of Joel Gordon and Ted Swedenburg was crucial for refining chapter 5 into what it has become. Clary Bencomo, Gamal Eid, Ahmad Hassan, Sonallah Ibrahim, Salima Ikram, Richard Jacquemond, Samia Mehrez, Muhammad al-Sharqawi, and Nicholas Warner are part of the reason Cairo has always felt so much like home. Fawzi Mohamma- dein, labor organizer and friend, did not live to see this book completed, but much of my thinking on the subject of ancient and modern Egypt comes from our conversations: I hope I have done his memory justice. The process of writing would have been lonely without friends like Tim Bewes, Rob Blecher, Susan Bernstein, Marilyn Booth, Fulvio Domini, Mi- chael Friedenberg, Lara Harb, Ken Haynes, Ray Huling, Vickie Langohr, Maud Mandel, Shira Robinson, Kathie Schmid, and Chris Toensing. Spe- cial thanks also to Patrick Heller, Jo Lee, Little Nadia, Floppers, and Bald Dolly for their hospitality. At home at Brown, I received a necessary push from my colleague Rey Chow, who stayed up nights to make sure this got done. Arnold Weinstein and Ed Ahearn also provided me the backing one needs to write. Rumee Ahmed, Sherine Hamdy, Jan Straughn, Amy Vegari, and Thérése Shere provided keen aid during the last days of manuscript revision. Dore Levy and Jim Trilling gave me enough aid, food, and drink to make this project mine—they know how much this book is also theirs. I cannot express my gratitude to Joel Beinin, who has witnessed and prod- ded this project for over a decade now. Rabbina ya’awwiku! Finally, to my family: many thanks for your support and curiosity. Xx ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Readers are travelers; they move across lands belonging to someone else, like nomads poaching their way across fields they did not write, despoil- ing the wealth of Egypt to enjoy it themselves. —MICHEL DE CERTEAU No one can look at these wonders without their eyes and breasts filling with wonder, and no one can attempt to describe them without realizing that it is beyond his power to do so. —DIYA’ AL-DIN IBN AL-ATHIR (d. 1239 CE)