mebooksfree.com Concise Pathology For Exam Preparation mebooksfree.com This page intentionally left blank mebooksfree.com Concise Pathology FOR EXAM PREPARATION THIRD EDITION CEETIKA KHANNA BHATTACHARYA, MBBS, MD Professor, Pathology CIO Laboratory Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi, India ELSEVIER Concise Pathology For Exam Preparation, 3rd Edition, Geetika Khanna Bhattacharya Copyright © 2016, 2011, 2009 by RELX India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-81-312-4421-0 eISBN: 978-81-312-4422-7 RELX India Pvt. Ltd. Registered Office: 818, 8th Floor, Indraprakash Building, 21, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi 110 001 Corporate Office: 14th Floor, Building No. 10B, DLF Cyber City, Phase II, Gurgaon-122 002, Haryana, India No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or me- chanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permis- sion in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notice Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. 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Manager–Content Strategy: Renu Rawat Manager–Education Solutions (Digital): Smruti Snigdha Content Strategist (Digital): Nabajyoti Kar Sr Manager–Education Solutions: Shabina Nasim Sr Content Development Specialist: Goldy Bhatnagar Project Manager: Ranjjiet Varhmen Sr Operations Manager: Sunil Kumar Sr Production Executive: Ravinder Sharma Sr Graphic Designer: Milind Majgaonkar Typeset by GW India Printed in India by mebooksfree.com Dedicated to Shriya and Elaina mebooksfree.com This page intentionally left blank mebooksfree.com Evaluation, a critical and human-error prone component of the medical curriculum, contin- ues to evoke dread in students due to its sometimes “unpredictable” outcome. This book was originally conceived for the students of Pathology, who are naturally apprehensive about this “unpredictability”. The enthusiastic response to the previous editions, sugges- tions received from the student community and the newer learning points now incorpo- rated in standard textbooks, have all necessitated this Edition. Special effort has been made to include all the latest concepts and changes in the subject including clinical information, wherever feasible, in the chapters to accentuate the relevance of each section to actual patient situations. The text has been presented in a tabulated format, wherever required, to enable easy learning and recall. Definitions and classifications have been incorporated as per World Health Organization and other stan- dard currently accepted guidelines. Many new illustrations and flowcharts have been added to make the book more student-friendly, particularly to the “visual learner”. Micro- photographs and gross pictures have been introduced in all the chapters to enhance com- prehension of the subject. At the same time, every effort has been made to restrict the increase in page extent so that students are not overloaded with information. In addition, complimentary access to online assessment questions and images along with complete e-book is also provided. The main objectives of this book remain the same: • To allow a quick self-assessment and revision before the examination. • To highlight the “must know” areas (the areas covered in this book are the ones that are frequently referred to/stressed upon by examiners, and are also relevant to the student from knowledge point of view. Proficiency in these topics will aid students’ in under- standing their clinical subjects in the coming years). • To enable students to learn and present their knowledge in a format that is easy to appreciate and assess during an examination. I am certain that this edition is more useful and convenient compared to earlier ones and will find greater acceptability among the undergraduate pathology students. I would be grateful for any criticism or suggestions which would make this book better in any way. Suggestions and comments from teachers and students can be e-mailed at