João Silva · Ricardo Ribeiro Paulo Quaresma · André Adami António Branco (Eds.) Computational 7 Processing of the 2 7 9 AI Portuguese Language N L 12th International Conference, PROPOR 2016 Tomar, Portugal, July 13–15, 2016 Proceedings 123 fi Lecture Notes in Arti cial Intelligence 9727 Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science LNAI Series Editors Randy Goebel University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Yuzuru Tanaka Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Wolfgang Wahlster DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany LNAI Founding Series Editor Joerg Siekmann DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/1244 ã Jo o Silva Ricardo Ribeiro (cid:129) é Paulo Quaresma Andr Adami (cid:129) ó Ant nio Branco (Eds.) Computational Processing of the Portuguese Language 12th International Conference, PROPOR 2016 – Tomar, Portugal, July 13 15, 2016 Proceedings 123 Editors João Silva AndréAdami Universidade deLisboa Universidade deCaxiasdoSul Lisbon CaxiasdoSul Portugal Brazil Ricardo Ribeiro AntónioBranco ISCTE-IUL Universidade deLisboa Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Portugal PauloQuaresma Universidade deÉvora Évora Portugal ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic) Lecture Notesin Artificial Intelligence ISBN 978-3-319-41551-2 ISBN978-3-319-41552-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41552-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016942796 LNCSSublibrary:SL7–ArtificialIntelligence ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow knownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookare believedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland Preface The International Conference on the Computational Processing of Portuguese, PRO- POR, is the most important scientific event dedicated to the processing of spoken and written Portuguese, covering both basic and applied research. This event is hosted everyotheryear,alternatingbetweenBrazilandPortugal.Previouseventswereheldin Lisbon, Portugal (1993), Curitiba, Brazil (1996), Porto Alegre, Brazil (1998), Évora, Portugal (1999), Atibaia, Brazil (2000), Faro, Portugal (2003), Itatiaia, Brazil (2006), Aveiro, Portugal (2008), Porto Alegre, Brazil (2010), Coimbra, Portugal (2012), and São Carlos, Brazil (2014). The community attending the conference is highly multidisciplinary and dynamic. The sharing of expertise, the communication of results, the promotion of methodolo- gies and the exchanging of language resources and tools have been key contributions for the continuous scientific advance of the automated processing of the Portuguese language. This 12th edition of PROPOR took place in Tomar, in the center of Portugal, and was hosted by the University of Lisbon and the NLX—Natural Language and Speech Group from its Department of Informatics at the Faculty of Sciences. The event also featured the 4th edition of the MSc/MA and PhD Dissertation Contest, which selects the best new academic research work in the computational processing of Portuguese. Forthefirsttime,PROPORfeaturedaJob-shopandInnovationForumaimingatthe creation of a fruitful environment to promote the exchange of results, talent, and partnerships between researchers in the field of language technologies and companies using and developing these technologies. This year PROPOR had three workshops in addition to the main program, namely, (a) ASSIN, an evaluation forum for semantic similarity and textual entailment recog- nition; (b) LexSem+Logics, the Third Workshop on Logics and Ontologies and the FirstWorkshoponLexicalSemanticsforLesser-ResourcedLanguages;and(c)CTPC, the Workshop on Corpora and Tools for Processing Corpora. It is noteworthy that the CTPC workshop was co-organized with the Portuguese Language Department of the Directorate-General for Translation of the European Commission. Other additions to the main program were a Student Research Workshop and two tutorial sessions, one on “Gaussian Processes for Natural Language Processing” and another on “Translation Quality Estimation.” Twokeynotespeakershonoredtheeventwiththeirlectures:Dr.HynekHermansky (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA and Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) and Dr. Eneko Agirre (University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain). In all, 52 submissions were received for the main event, totaling 134 authors from many countries worldwide, such as Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Germany, Macao, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA. This volume brings together a VI Preface selection of the 39 best papers accepted at this meeting: 23 full papers and 14 short papers. The acceptance rate for full papers was 44 %. To these, the two papers cor- responding to the winning submissions to the MSc/MA and PhD dissertation contest wereadded.Inthisvolume,thepapersareorganizedthematicallyandincludethemost recent developments in language applications, language processing, language resour- ces, and speech processing. We express our sincere thanks to every person and institution involved in the complexorganizationofthisevent,especiallythemembersofthescientificcommittee of the main event, the dissertations contest and the associated workshops, the invited speakers, and the general organization staff. Wearealsogratefultotheagenciesandorganizationsthatsupportedandpromoted the event, namely, the QTLeap Project, the Portuguese Language Department of the Directorate-General for Translation of the European Commission, the Hotel dos Templários, the Universidade de Lisboa and the Department of Informatics of its Facultyof Sciences, theFoundationoftheFacultyof Sciences ofthe Universidade de Lisboa, and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. May 2016 João Silva Ricardo Ribeiro André Adami Paulo Quaresma António Branco Organization General Chair António Branco Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Technical Program Chairs André Adami Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brazil Paulo Quaresma Universidade de Évora, Portugal Editorial Chairs João Silva Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Ricardo Ribeiro ISCTE-IUL, Portugal Demos Chair Vládia Pinheiro Universidade de Fortaleza, Brazil Student Research Workshop Chairs Pedro Balage Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil Fernando Batista ISCTE-IUL, Portugal Workshops Chair Pablo Gamallo Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain Tutorials Chairs Fernando Perdigão Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal Margarita Correia Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Lucia Specia University of Sheffield, UK Best MSc/MA and PhD Dissertation Contest Chair Aline Villavicencio UFRGS, Brazil Jobshop and Innovation Forum Chair Rosa Del Gaudio Higher Functions, Portugal VIII Organization Publicity and Sponsorship Chair Daniela Braga Defined crowd, USA Ana Tavares Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Organizing Committee António Branco Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Daniel Pereira Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Ana Tavares Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Steering Committee Thiago Pardo Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil António Branco Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Sara Candeias Microsoft, Portugal Nuno Mamede Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Claudia Freitas PUC-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Program Committee Alberto Abad Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Alberto Simões Universidade do Minho, Portugal Alexandre Rademaker IBM, Brazil Aline Villavicencio UFRGS, Brazil Amália Andrade Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Amália Mendes Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Ana Luís Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal Anabela Barreiro INESC-ID, Portugal André Adami Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brazil Andreia Bonfante UFMT, Brazil Andreia Rauber UCPEL, Brazil Antonio Bonafonte UPC, Spain António Branco Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal António Serralheiro Academia Militar, Portugal António Teixeira Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal Ariani Di Felippo UFSCAR, Brazil Augusto Soares Silva Universidade Católica, Portugal Bento da Silva UNESP, Brazil Berthold Crysmann CNRS, France Brett Drury USP-SC, Brazil Carlos Prolo UFRN, Brazil Cicero Nogueira dos Santos IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, USA Daniela Braga defined crowd, USA David Martins de Matos Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Derek Wong Universidade de Macau, China Organization IX Diamantino Freitas Universidade do Porto, Portugal Eraldo Rezende Fernandes UFMS, Brazil Eric Laporte Université Paris-Est, France Fabio Kepler UNIPAMPA, Brazil Fabio Violaro UNICAMP, Brazil Fernando Batista ISCTE-IUL, Portugal Fernando Perdigão Universiade de Coimbra, Portugal Fernando Resende Junior UFRJ, Brazil Gladis Almeida UFSCAR, Brazil Helena Caseli UFSCAR, Brazil Helena Moniz INESC-ID, Portugal Hugo Meinedo Microsoft, Portugal Hugo Oliveira Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal Irene Rodrigues Universidade de Évora, Portugal Isabel Falé Universidade Aberta, Portugal Isabel Trancoso Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Ivandré Paraboni USP, Brazil João Balsa Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal João Luís Rosa USP-SC, Brazil João Silva Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Joaquim Llisterri Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain Jorge Baptista Universidade do Algarve, Portugal José João Almeida Universidade do Minho, Portugal Laura Alonso Alemany Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina Leandro Oliveira EMBRAPA, Brazil Lucia Specia University of Sheffield, UK Magali Sanches Duran USP-SC, Brazil Margarita Correia Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Maria das Graças Volpe USP-SC, Brazil Nunes Maria José Finatto UFRGS, Brazil Mário Silva Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Nelson Neto UFP, Brazil Norton Roman USP-EACH, Brazil Nuno Cavalheiro Marques Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Nuno Mamede Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Pablo Gamallo Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain Palmira Marrafa Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Paulo Gomes Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal Paulo Quaresma Universidade de Évora, Portugal Plínio Barbosa UNICAMP, Brazil Renata Vieira PUC-RS, Brazil Ricardo Ribeiro ISCTE-IUL, Portugal Rosa Del Gaudio Higher Functions, Portugal Ruy Luiz Milidiú PUC-Rio, Brazil Sandra Aluísio USP-SC, Brazil