This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2006, held in Kunming, China, in August 2006. The 165 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from over 3000 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on ant colony optimization, particle swarm optimization, swarm intelligence, autonomy-oriented computing, quantum and molecular computations, biological and DNA computing, intelligent computing in bioinformatics, intelligent computing in computational biology and drug design, computational genomics and proteomics, as well as artificial life and artificial immune systems in intelligent computing. In addition there are 2 special sessions on bio-oriented and bio-inspired information systems, as well as novel applications of knowledge discovery on bioinformatics.