Geotechnologies and the Environment Marco Helbich Jamal Jokar Arsanjani Michael Leitner E ditors Computational Approaches for Urban Environments Geotechnologies and the Environment Volume 13 SeriesEditors JayD.Gatrell,ViceProvost&ProfessorofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies, OfficeofAcademicAffairs,BellarmineUniversity,Louisville,KY40205,USA Ryan R. Jensen, Department of Geography, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT,USA The“GeotechnologiesandtheEnvironment”seriesisintendedtoprovidespecialists in the geotechnologies and academics who utilize these technologies, with an opportunity to share novel approaches, present interesting (sometimes counterin- tuitive)casestudies,andmostimportantlytosituateGIS,remotesensing,GPS,the internet, new technologies, and methodological advances in a real world context. In doing so, the books in the series will be inherently applied and reflect the rich varietyofresearchperformedbygeographersandalliedprofessionals. Beyond the applied nature of many of the papers and individualcontributions, the series interrogates the dynamic relationship between nature and society. For this reason, many contributors focus on human-environment interactions. The series are not limited to an interpretation of the environment as nature per se. Rather,theseries“places”peopleandsocialforcesincontextandthusexplorethe manysociospatialenvironmentshumansconstructforthemselvesastheysettlethe landscape. Consequently, contributions will use geotechnologies to examine both urbanandrurallandscapes. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/8088 Marco Helbich (cid:129) Jamal Jokar Arsanjani Michael Leitner Editors Computational Approaches for Urban Environments 123 Editors MarcoHelbich JamalJokarArsanjani DepartmentofHumanGeography InstituteofGeography andSpatialPlanning HeidelbergUniversity UtrechtUniversity Heidelberg,Germany Utrecht,TheNetherlands MichaelLeitner DepartmentofGeographyandAnthropology LouisianaStateUniversity BatonRouge,LA,USA GeotechnologiesandtheEnvironment ISBN978-3-319-11468-2 ISBN978-3-319-11469-9 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-11469-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014958019 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerInternational PublishingAGSwitzerlandispartofSpringerScience+Business Media(www. springer.com) Preface Although the last decade has witnessed a significant increase in the volume and complexity of geospatial data for exploring urban environments, the analysis of citiesisbecomingmorechallengingthanever.Inthiscontext,rapiddevelopments in the fields of spatial statistics, spatial data mining, and geosimulation, among others,providehighlyvaluableandpromisingtoolsthatenhanceourunderstanding of how cities function and evolve in space-time. In light of these recent trends, the editors of this excellent volume bring a body of knowledge together into a volumethatisanimportantresourceforthosewhoareinterestedinexploringcities throughinterdisciplinaryperspectives.Theeditorshaveputtogetheranoutstanding collectionofcutting-edgemethodsforurbanmodeling. Thisbookcoversawiderangeoftopics,includingmethodologicaladvancesas well as specific urban-related themes including housing and real estate markets, urbanization,and transportation systems, among others. To deal with these topics properly, extensive expertise is required. The editors have commissioned leading authorsfromawidevarietyofinstitutionsforeachparticulartopicacrossdifferent geographicalregions.Thevolumerepresentsanexcellentcollectionofthestate-of- the-artresearchmethodsandknowledge,anditoffersthereadersacomprehensive overview on how contemporary cities can be investigated. Besides, the book showsa variety of complementingaspects abouthow we can utilize and integrate novel datasets, advanced geospatial information technologies, and computational methodstoanalyzeessentialaspectsofurbanenvironments.Thisvolumestrivesto addresschallengingmethodologicalanddatasetissuesinordertoidentifypromising future research directions and challenges for more effective city planning and management. The volume is no doubt an impressive collection of chapters and a significant contribution to an emerging and dynamic interdisciplinary field that lies at the intersectionofurbanresearch,geographicinformationscience,andcomputational science. It is not only a well-balanced interdisciplinary collection of current v vi Preface research,it also introducesvisionaryconceptsand outlinespromisingavenuesfor futureresearch.Itwillbeaninspiringandhighlyusefulvolumeforbothresearchers andstudentsinthefield. Champaign,IL,USA Mei-PoKwan Contents 1 ComputationalApproachesforUrban Environments:AnEditorial............................................... 1 MarcoHelbich,JamalJokarArsanjani,andMichaelLeitner PartI SpatialPlanningandDecision-Making 2 FromFractalUrbanPatternAnalysistoFractalUrban PlanningConcepts.......................................................... 13 PierreFrankhauser 3 Knowledge Discovery in Spatial Planning Data: A ConceptforClusterUnderstanding...................................... 49 MartinBehnischandAlfredUltsch 4 ClusteringContextualNeuralGas:A NewApproach forSpatialPlanningandAnalysisTasks................................. 77 JulianHagenauer PartII HousingandRealEstate 5 Hedonic House Price Modeling Based on Multilevel StructuredAdditiveRegression........................................... 97 AlexanderRazen,WolfgangBrunauer,NadjaKlein,Stefan Lang,andNikolausUmlauf 6 SimpleAgents,ComplexEmergentCity:Agent-Based ModelingofIntraurbanMigration....................................... 123 ShipengSunandStevenM.Manson 7 QuantifyingUrbanDiversity:MultipleSpatialMeasures ofPhysical,Social,andEconomicCharacteristics...................... 149 TimothyRosnerandKevinM.Curtin vii viii Contents PartIII UrbanTransportationandMobility 8 EverydayCyclinginUrbanEnvironments:Understanding BehaviorsandConstraintsinSpace-Time............................... 185 GodwinYeboah, SeraphimAlvanides, andEmineMineThompson 9 PerformanceImprovements for Large-Scale Traffic SimulationinMATSim..................................................... 211 RashidA.Waraich, DavidCharypar, MichaelBalmer, andKayW.Axhausen PartIV RemoteSensing 10 Recent Advances on 2D and 3D Change Detection inUrbanEnvironmentsfromRemoteSensingData.................... 237 KonstantinosKarantzalos 11 FusionofAirborneHyperspectralandLiDARRemote SensingDatatoStudytheThermalCharacteristicsof UrbanEnvironments....................................................... 273 Christian Berger, Frank Riedel, Johannes Rosentreter, EnricoStein,SörenHese,andChristianeSchmullius 12 ModelingUrbanLandUseChange:IntegratingRemote SensingwithSocioeconomicData ........................................ 293 JunmeiTang PartV UrbanSensing,SocialNetworksandSocialMedia 13 Linked ActivitySpaces: Embedding SocialNetworks inUrbanSpace.............................................................. 313 YaoliWang,ChaoguiKang,LuísM.A.Bettencourt,YuLiu, andClioAndris 14 UsingNon-authoritativeSourcesDuringEmergenciesin UrbanAreas................................................................. 337 EmilySchnebele,ChristopherOxendine,GuidoCervone, CelsoM.Ferreira,andNigelWaters 15 TowardsaComparativeScienceofCities:UsingMobile TrafficRecordsinNewYork,London,andHongKong ............... 363 SebastianGrauwin,StanislavSobolevsky,SimonMoritz, IstvánGódor,andCarloRatti 16 Epilogue ..................................................................... 389 PaulA.Longley Index............................................................................... 393 About the Editors Marco Helbich received his master and doctoral degrees at the Department of GeographyandRegionalResearch,UniversityofVienna,Austria.Heiscurrentlyan AssistantProfessorattheDepartmentofHumanGeographyandSpatialPlanning, UtrechtUniversity,TheNetherlands,andpreviouslyarecipientofanAlexandervon HumboldtFellowship.Hisresearchinterestsareincities,computationalmodeling, spatialanalysis,realestate,crimemapping,andhealthgeography.Hehaspublished 30Crefereedarticlesintopinternationaljournalsinhisdiscipline,suchasUrban Geography, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, International Journal of Health Geographics,JournalofTransportGeographyandothers. Jamal Jokar Arsanjani received his doctoral degree in Geographic Information Science (GISc) from the Department of Geography and Regional Research, Uni- versity of Vienna, Austria. He is currently an Alexander von HumboldtFellow at the Institute of Geography,Heidelberg University, Germany. His interdisciplinary research interests are in volunteered geographic information and crowdsourcing, geocomputation and spatial planning, remote sensing of the environment, and disaster management. He has published articles in leading international journals of his discipline, including International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,InternationalJournalof Digital Earth, Transactionsin GIS, Citiesandsingle-authoredabookonDynamicLandUse/CoverChangeSimulation: GeosimulationandAgent-basedModellingwithSpringerpublication. Michael Leitner received a master degree at the Department of Geography and Regional Research, University of Vienna, Austria, and a second master and a doctoraldegreeinGIScattheDepartmentofGeography,State UniversityofNew YorkatBuffalo,USA.HeiscurrentlyaProfessorofGeographyintheDepartment of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, USA, and a faculty memberintheDoctoralCollege“GIScience”attheUniversityofSalzburg,Austria. HehaspreviouslyreceivedaFulbrightScholarshipandistherecipientofthe2007 ix