CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Cert Guide Anthony Sequeira, CCIE No. 15626 Pearson IT Certifcation 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Cert Guide Editor-in-Chief Mark Taub Anthony Sequeira Copyright © 2018 Pearson IT Certifcation Product Line Manager All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in Brett Bartow a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, Managing Editor photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from Sandra Schroeder the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in Development Editor the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no respon- Marianne Bartow sibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Project Editor Mandie Frank ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-5981-8 ISBN-10: 0-7897-5981-0 Copy Editor Library of Congress Control Number:  2017957346 Bart Reed Printed in the United States of America Technical Editor 01 18 Robert Fleming Editorial Assistant Trademarks Vanessa Evans All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Pearson IT Certifcation cannot Designer attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should Chuti Prasertsith not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Composition Warning and Disclaimer Studio Galou This book is designed to provide information about IT networking in the Indexer scope of the CompTIA Network+ exam. Every effort has been made to Heather McNeill make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or ftness is implied. Proofreader The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The author shall have Paula Lowell neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it. The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not nec- essarily those of Pearson. Special Sales For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate sales department at Contents at a Glance Introduction xxviii ChAPTEr 1 Computer Network Fundamentals 3 ChAPTEr 2 The OSI Reference Model 31 ChAPTEr 3 Network Components 63 ChAPTEr 4 Ethernet Technology 117 ChAPTEr 5 IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses 153 ChAPTEr 6 Routing IP Packets 205 ChAPTEr 7 Wide Area Networks (WANs) 239 ChAPTEr 8 Wireless Technologies 275 ChAPTEr 9 Network Optimization 305 ChAPTEr 10 Command-Line Tools 337 ChAPTEr 11 Network Management 379 ChAPTEr 12 Network Security 409 ChAPTEr 13 Network Policies and Best Practices 467 ChAPTEr 14 Network Troubleshooting 481 ChAPTEr 15 Final Preparation 529 APPENDIx A Answers to Review Questions 537 APPENDIx B CompTIA Network+ N10-07 Cert Guide Exam Updates 547 Glossary 551 Index 585 ONLINE ELEMENTS: APPENDIx C Memory Tables APPENDIx D Memory Tables Answer Key APPENDIx E Study Planner Exam Essentials Interactive Study Guide Key Terms Flash Cards Application Instructional Videos Performance-Based Exercises CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Hands-on Lab Simulator Lite Software Table of Contents Introduction xxviii Chapter 1 Computer Network Fundamentals 3 Foundation Topics 4 Defining a Network 4 The Purpose of Networks 4 Overview of Network Components 5 Networks Defined by Geography 7 LAN 7 WAN 8 WLAN 8 SAN 9 Other Categories of Networks 9 CAN 9 MAN 9 PAN 9 Networks Defined by Topology 10 Physical Versus Logical Topology 10 Bus Topology 11 Ring Topology 13 Star Topology 15 Hub-and-Spoke Topology 16 Full-Mesh Topology 17 Partial-Mesh Topology 18 Wireless Topologies 20 Ad Hoc 20 Infrastructure 20 Mesh 20 Networks Defined by Resource Location 21 Client/Server Networks 21 Peer-to-Peer Networks 22 Real-World Case Study 24 Summary 25 Exam Preparation Tasks 25 vi CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Cert Guide Review All the Key Topics 25 Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 26 Define Key Terms 26 Complete Chapter 1 Hands-On Lab in Network+ Simulator Lite 26 Additional Resources 26 Review Questions 26 Chapter 2 The OSI reference Model 31 Foundation Topics 32 The Purpose of Reference Models 32 The OSI Model 33 Layer 1: The Physical Layer 35 Layer 2: The Data Link Layer 38 Media Access Control 39 Logical Link Control 40 Layer 3: The Network Layer 41 Layer 4: The Transport Layer 44 Layer 5: The Session Layer 46 Layer 6: The Presentation Layer 47 Layer 7: The Application Layer 48 The TCP/IP Stack 49 Layers of the TCP/IP Stack 49 Common Application Protocols in the TCP/IP Stack 53 Real-World Case Study 56 Summary 57 Exam Preparation Tasks 58 Review All the Key Topics 58 Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 59 Define Key Terms 59 Complete Chapter 2 Hands-On Labs in Network+ Simulator Lite 59 Additional Resources 59 Review Questions 60 Chapter 3 Network Components 63 Foundation Topics 64 Media 64 Contents vii Coaxial Cable 64 Twisted-Pair Cable 66 Shielded Twisted Pair 66 Unshielded Twisted Pair 67 Plenum Versus Nonplenum Cable 70 Fiber-Optic Cable 70 Multimode Fiber 70 Single-Mode Fiber 72 Fiber Connector Polishing Styles 74 Media Converters 75 Cable Distribution 75 Wireless Technologies 77 Technologies for the Internet of Things 78 Network Infrastructure Devices 79 Hubs 80 Bridges 81 Switches 82 Multilayer Switches 89 Routers 90 Infrastructure Device Summary 91 Specialized Network Devices 91 VPN Concentrators 91 Firewalls 92 DNS Servers 93 DHCP Servers 96 Proxy Servers 98 Content Engines 99 Content Switches 100 Other Specialized Devices 101 Virtual Network Devices 101 Virtual Servers 101 Virtual Routers and Firewalls 103 Virtual Switches 103 Virtual Desktops 104 viii CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Cert Guide Other Virtualization Solutions 105 Cloud Computing 105 Software-Defined Networking (SDN) 107 Voice over IP Protocols and Components 107 Real-World Case Study 108 Summary 110 Exam Preparation Tasks 110 Review All the Key Topics 110 Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 111 Define Key Terms 112 Complete Chapter 3 Hands-On Labs in Network+ Simulator Lite 112 Additional Resources 112 Review Questions 113 Chapter 4 Ethernet Technology 117 Foundation Topics 118 Principles of Ethernet 118 Ethernet Origins 118 Carrier-Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect 120 Distance and Speed Limitations 123 Ethernet Switch Features 126 Virtual LANs 126 Switch Configuration for an Access Port 128 Trunks 129 Switch Configuration for a Trunk Port 130 Spanning Tree Protocol 130 Corruption of a Switch’s MAC Address Table 131 Broadcast Storms 132 STP Operation 133 Link Aggregation 136 LACP Configuration 137 Power over Ethernet 138 Port Monitoring 139 Port Mirroring Configuration 141 User Authentication 141 Contents ix Management Access and Authentication 142 First-Hop Redundancy 144 Other Switch Features 145 Real-World Case Study 145 Summary 146 Exam Preparation Tasks 146 Review All the Key Topics 146 Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 147 Define Key Terms 147 Complete Chapter 4 Hands-On Labs in Network+ Simulator Lite 147 Additional Resources 148 Review Questions 148 Chapter 5 IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses 153 Foundation Topics 154 Binary Numbering 154 Principles of Binary Numbering 154 Converting a Binary Number to a Decimal Number 155 Converting a Decimal Number to a Binary Number 155 Binary Numbering Practice 157 Binary Conversion Exercise 1 157 Binary Conversion Exercise 1: Solution 158 Binary Conversion Exercise 2 158 Binary Conversion Exercise 2: Solution 158 Binary Conversion Exercise 3 159 Binary Conversion Exercise 3: Solution 159 Binary Conversion Exercise 4 160 Binary Conversion Exercise 4: Solution 160 IPv4 Addressing 161 IPv4 Address Structure 161 Classes of Addresses 163 Types of Addresses 165 Unicast 165 Broadcast 165 Multicast 166 x CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Cert Guide Assigning IPv4 Addresses 166 IP Addressing Components 167 Static Configuration 168 Dynamic Configuration 172 BOOTP 173 DHCP 173 Automatic Private IP Addressing 174 Subnetting 176 Purpose of Subnetting 176 Subnet Mask Notation 177 Subnet Notation: Practice Exercise 1 178 Subnet Notation: Practice Exercise 1 Solution 178 Subnet Notation: Practice Exercise 2 179 Subnet Notation: Practice Exercise 2 Solution 179 Extending a Classful Mask 179 Borrowed Bits 179 Calculating the Number of Created Subnets 180 Calculating the Number of Available Hosts 180 Basic Subnetting Practice: Exercise 1 181 Basic Subnetting Practice: Exercise 1 Solution 181 Basic Subnetting Practice: Exercise 2 182 Basic Subnetting Practice: Exercise 2 Solution 182 Calculating New IP Address Ranges 183 Advanced Subnetting Practice: Exercise 1 186 Advanced Subnetting Practice: Exercise 1 Solution 186 Advanced Subnetting Practice: Exercise 2 187 Advanced Subnetting Practice: Exercise 2 Solution 188 Additional Practice 189 Classless Interdomain Routing 190 IP Version 6 191 Need for IPv6 191 IPv6 Address Structure 192 IPv6 Address Types 193 IPv6 Data Flows 194