The International Library ofPsychology COMPLEX!ARCHETYPE/SYMBOL IN THE PSYCHOLOGY OF C G lUNG Founded by C, K. Ogden The International Library ofPsychology ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY In 12 Volumes 1 StudiesinAnalyticalPsychology Adler II Complex/Archetype/Symbolin the PsychologyofCGJung Jacohi III PsychologyofCGJung ]acohi IV ExperimentinDepth Martin V Arnotand Psyche Nell1/lann VI Arl:and theCreadveUnconscious Neulllan11 VII TheOriginsandHistoryofConsciousness Nelttl1ann VIII Jung'sPsychologyanditsSocjalMeaning P,'Ogol! IX Religionand theCureofSoulsinJung's Psychology Schaer X ConsciousOrientation vatldet'Hoop XI Luciferand Prometheus Werhlowsky XII TheSecretoftheGoldenFlower Wi/helm COMPLEX/ ARCHETYPE/SYMBOL IN THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CGJUNG JOLANDE JACOBI GoldGenolden GoldenGolden GoldenGoldGenolden First published in 1925 by Routledge Reprinted in 1999 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Transferred to Digital Printing 2007 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & fi'rancis Group First issued in paperback 2013 © 1959 Bollingen Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. The publishers have made every effort to contact authors/copyright holders of the works reprinted in the International Lihrary of PJychology. This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would welcome correspondence from those individuals/companies we have been unable to trace. These reprints are taken from original copies of each book. In many cases the condition of these originals is not perfect. The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of these reprints, but wishes to point out that certain characteristics of the original copies will, of necessity, be apparent in reprints thereof. Bt<itiJh Lihrary Cataloguing b1 P11hlication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Complex/ Archetype/Symbol in the Psychology of C G Jung ISBN 978-0-415-20939-7 (hbk) ISBN 978-0-415-86427-5 (pbk) CONTENTS Illustrations viii Foreword, by C. G. Tung ix EditoriaZ"Nate xii I. COMPLEX I ARCHETYPE / SYMBOL INTRODUCTION 3 C~prnx 6 The feeling..toned groups of representations in the unconscious 6 Autonomy of the co~plexes 9 On the phenomenology oftIlecomplex 1S Thedifferencebetween tlie conceptions of Juog and of Freud 19 The two kinds of complexes 22 -Complexes belong to the basic structure of the psyche 25 Neurosis and psychosis 2.8 ARCHETYPE 31" Of the nature of the archetype 31 The historical development of the concept of the arclletype in tIle work of Jung 33 Archetype,. instinct, and brain structure 35 The biological aspect of the archetype 39 +6 Realistic and symbolic understanding Archetype and Platonic idea 49 Thearclletypes are not inherited images 51 v CONTENTS Archetype s:od Gestalt "53 The hierarchy of the ,ar~lletypes 55 On the collective unconscious 59 Archetype and synchronicity 62. Archetypeandconsciousness 66 An example from the world of dreams 6t) SYMB~ ~ Archetypeand symbol 74 'Xh at is a symbol? "77 S}~lnbo.l and sign 79 T.r.le symbol in Freud and Jung 88 Thesymbol as mediator 94 The symbol as a transformer of energy 99 Individual and collective symbols 103 The ego between: the collective consciousness and the Collective unconscious 110 The symbols of the individuation process 113 The psyche's capacity for symbol transforma- tion 116 Summary 118 II. ARCHETYPE AND DREAM INTRODUCTION 127 THE DREAM OF THE BADANIMAL 1~9 Thehermaphroditic aspect of the animal 144 Dragon and snake 146 Thehom 1$0 The horned serpent 152 Impaling (Uspiking upU) and devouring 153 Thedual psychologlcal aspect of the animal 1,6 The little animals 158 The blue fog or vapor 160 vi CON-TENTS The four 165 One and four 16 9 .The rebirth 175 The night sea journey. 179 CONCLUSION 190 ListofWorks Cited 199 Index 2.13 The CollectedWorks of C. Gil Tung 2.31 ·vi i ILLUSTRATIONS ..Frontispiece~ E--xorcising Complexes in the Seven.. 'teenth Century Woodcut, 1648, from a leaftet' ridiculing doctors and their methods. Nurcl11berg, Germanisches Museum Fig. 1. Night, Sleept Dea.~h1 and Dream Woodcnt from V. Cart~ri~ Le IntcJgini de i dei de gli cmtichi (Lyons, 1581) 126 Fig. ~I The Snake as a Symbol of the Curr~nt of Time Woodcut from Chr. CoUcrus Silcsius, Lux in Tenebds (1657) 14° Fig 3. Jona]I, Swallowed by.the Whale and Dis I gorgep D.,rawings from a 14th-century ms.. of the "'Biblio pau p~rum," St. Florian Monaste[y~ Upper Austria. From a facsimile edn., ed. A. Camesilla and G. lIeider (Vienna, 1863) 180 Fig, 4. TIle Uroboros Dra\ving from a Greek ms. of tlle Alexandrian period, 4th to 1St centuries B~C. 197 viii FOREWORDl The problem this book is concerned with is one in which It too, have been interested for a long time. It is now ex.. actly fifty years since I learned, thanks to the associa· tion experiment, tIle role which complexes play in our conscious life. The thing that mo~t impressed me was the peculiar autonoluy the complexes display as compared . with tIle other contents of"consciousness. Whereas the latterare under thecontrol of the will, comingorgoingat its comluand, complexes eitl1er force themselves on our consciollsness by breaking through its inhibiting effect, or else, just'as suddenly, they obstinately reSist our conscious intention to reproduce them. Complexes have not only an obsessive, but very often a possessive, character, be... having like imps and giving rise to all sorts of annoying, ridiculous, and revealing actions, slips of the tongue, and falsifications of memory and judgment. They cut across the adapted performance of consc1ousness. It was not difficult toseethat·whilecomplexes owetheir relative autonomy to their ~motional nature, their ~pres­ sian is always dependent on a network of associations grouped round a center charged with affect. The central emotion generally proved to be individually acquired, and thereforean exclusively personal matter. Increasing experi. enceSllOWed,however thatthecomplexes~enotinfinifely ll variable, but mostly belong to definite catego~ies, which soon began to acquire their popular, and by now hack... ncyed, designations-inferiori~y complex, power complex, 1Translated by R. F. C. 1-1ull. ix