• Teach Yourself COMPLETE 1 ,,,lure lltf(l·n. .· nt ~omh \frt\.:.111 langua!\c' (page 2) C~.:t w ~r1r.,. wnh p r"" u u~ot.111 u 11 tpal(e4) lmro. .l u<c , uur'""·lf <r:1~e IS) .\t the market •1~"' 1p.1;:c 3-1) I •II up .lt .t ptlrul '-Cr\ Kt! \[.ltiUU (p.1~(! 47) .\luuo (ra~:c II 8) \\k fur JorcdiUih (p.II(C 124) ~JX·ak on tlw 1 c l p h • n e (l>:lgc H ll Tahk manner' IJMt;c I H I ~.1) t;r.1cc 111 Lulu p~ge 156) \hll th,· Jc-..:tor (page I (>.1) bll our olfi,,,,J fnrm' lpl!!C J i3) \lake .dlOtd n:..cr.,l~· ~ IJ>.IJ.\C 190) RcJ'<III ,rune ~\\\\)1 ~ the p,,, ou;.;,. IJ>at;c 2241 lnt '.:!.\l'i(l~ll~!Cf,f ~t. (\\W\\.lc;tCh)our..clf.<"um)~\.~~ \) ~\\~ onlul< Teach• Yourself Complete Zulu Arnett Wilkes and Nicholias Nkosi For UK order enquirie&: please contact Bookpoint Ltd, I30 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OXI4 4SB. Telephone +44 (o) 1235 827]2.0. Fax: +44 (o) 1235 400454· Lines are open <>,9.oo-I8.oo, Monday to Saturday, with a ~4-hour message answering service. 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Library of Congress Catalog Card Number. on file. first published in UK I.9.95 as Teach Yourssl{Zulu by Hodder Education, part of Hachette UK, 338 Euston Road, London,NWI 3BH. first published in US I.9.96 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. This edition published ~oi o. The Teach Yoursslf name is a registered trade mark of Hodder Headline. e Copyright I.9.95. ~003, ~OioArnett Wilkes andNicholias Nkosi In UK: All rights reserved Apart from any permitted use under UK copyright law, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanica~ including photocopy, recording, or any information, storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited Further details of such licences (for reprogra phic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, of Saffron House, 6-I o Kirby Street, London ECIN BTS. 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The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. Impression nwnber IO .9 8 7 6 5 4 3 ~ I Year 2.014 2.013 2.0I2. 2.0I I 2.0IO Contents Meet the authors iv Only got a minute? vi Only got five minutes? viii Introduction xi 1 How are you? (Greetings) 1 2 Who are you? (personal identification) 10 3 Do you speak English? 23 o4 Can I help you? 37 5 Revision 51 6 Fill up, please (at a petrol station) 56 7 Ncamsile celebrates her birthday 70 8 Do you have Stoney ginger beer? 86 9 What do you do for a living, James? 99 10 Revision 115 11 Pleased to meet you, Ron 119 12 Can we have the menu please? 135 13 Can we order some wine please? 1-49 1-4 Can you direct me to the Post Office please? 16-4 15 Revision 177 16 Telephone conversation 181 17 Sibongile Vilakazi and his family are having supper 199 18 Gavin goes to the doctor 216 19 Filling in forms 232 20 Revision 2-49 21 Making a hotel reservation 252 22 In the furniture store 270 23 I want to report a burglary 288 2-4 Mr Maphumulo at the Post Office 301 25 Revision 315 Key to the exercises 319 Further Reading 335 Glossary 336 Contents II I Meet the authors Nicholias Nkosi is a former lecturer in Zulu in the Department of African languages at the University of Pretoria where for many years he presented a conversational Zulu course to non-mother-tongue speakers of Zulu. He succeeded in developing his own unique communicative approach focusing on aspects of Zulu grammar that second and third language speakers of Zulu normally find difficult to master. With his course Nicholias enabled a large number of his students to reach such a level of fluency in Zulu that they were able to communicate with a fair amount of confidence with Zulu speakers in everyday situations. The enthusiastic and convincing way in which he conducted his classes inspired many students who otherwise would only have enrolled for his conversational course to continue with their studies in Zulu. When asked what made them decide to further their studies in Zulu their answer very often was 'It is Mr Nkosi's Zulu classes'. Professor Arnett Wilkes is an emeritus professor at the University of Pretoria where he was head of the Zulu sub-department in the Department of African Languages. He has dedicated most of his scholarly career to the study of Mrican languages with particular reference to the linguistic features of Zulu and its two sister languages, Swazi and Ndebele. As one of the leading Zulu grammarians in the county he was appointed by various examination bodies (provincial and national) as moderator for Grade 12 for Zulu First, Second and Third Language as well as for Swazi mother-tongue. In 1992 he received the prestigious South African Journal of African Languages award for publishing the best article on African Languages in that year. He is also a co-compiler of the latest English-Zulu, Zulu-English scholar's dictionary. In 1986 he was appointed chairman of the committee entrusted with the compilation of a new national school syllabus for Zulu grammar. IV At university he was for many years involved in the development and presentation of practical Zulu courses for non-mother-tongue speakers and is also the main co-author of three practical Zulu text-books for beginners. Credits Front cover: © rod brown-Fotolia.com Back cover and pack:© Jakub SemeniukliStockphoto.com, © Royalty-Free/Corbis, © agencyby/iStockphoto.com, ©Andy CookliStockphoto.com, © Christopher Ewing/iStockphoto.com, © zebicho - Fotolia.com, © Geoffrey Holman/iStockphoto.com, © PhotodisdGetty Images,© James C. Pruitt/iStockphoto.com, ©Mohamed Saber-Fotolia.com ... Only got a minute? Zulu is one of South Africa's 11 official languages. It is the mother tongue of South Africa's largest ethnic group, the amaZulu, of whom the majority reside in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. It is the sister language of three other Nguni languages spoken in South Africa, namely Xhosa, Swazi and Ndebele all of which are mutually intelligible. Historians trace the origin of the Zulu people back to about 1670, to a chieftain, Malandela, who was the father of Zulu, regarded as the progenitor of the Zulu nation. It is from his name that the word amaZulu or uZulu which means 'The Zulu People' has been derived. The modern Zulu population is fairly evenly distributed in both urban and rural areas. Although KwaZulu-Natal is still their heartland, large numbers of them have been attracted by the relative economic prosperity of the province of Gauteng where, in fact, they constitute the biggest language group. Indeed, of all the indigenous languages spoken in South Africa, Zulu is the most widely spoken and understood. It is often used as a sort of a lingua franca in urban areas where mixed population groups reside. One of the most outstanding features of the Zulu language is the grouping together of nouns into noun classes according to the form of their prefix. Fifteen such noun classes are distinguished in Zulu. Its phonemic inventory includes 12 click sounds, all of which are of Khoi-San origin. It has a distinctive range of word classes that consists of categories such as 'ideophone', 'enumerative' and 'copulative' Another striking feature is its con cordial agreement system whereby all words that are grammatically related to a noun such as verbs, pronouns and adjectives, show agreement with that noun by means of a concord that is formally related to the class prefix of the noun. o.! 5 l got five minutes? ~~that because KwaZulu-Natal is the lreartland le it is the only province where Zulu is spoken. This is, however, not the case. Zulu is more widely spoken in South Africa than any of the other eight official African languages of this country. It is not only spoken in KwaZulu-Natal where about 76% of its estimated 10 million speakers reside, but also in other provinces such as Gauteng, Mpumalanga and the Freestate. In fact, Zulu is the biggest single language group in Gauteng while in Mpumalanga it is, next to Swazi, the language with the highest number of speakers. It is also the sister language of three other official languages, namely Xhosa, Swazi and Ndebele with which it is also mutually intelligible, which means that Zulu can also be spoken and understood in the Eastern Cape, in neigbouring Swaziland and also in parts of Mpumalanga and the Northern Province. In addition to this it is widely used as a sort of lingua franca in most metropolitan areas in South Africa where mixed population groups reside such as in Soweto, the large 'Black' city near Johannesburg. What does all this mean? It means that you can travel in most parts of South Africa and communicate in Zulu with the local indigenous people knowing that you'll be fairly well understood. In fact, in many rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal the local population only speaks Zulu. They have very little knowledge of English. In many of these areas African people often show their delight when hearing a person of non-African origin speaking one of their languages. Speaking Zulu with these people will not only create a lot of goodwill towards the speaker but will also ensure that his or her visit to the region will be so much more pleasurable. An advantage that Zulu has over most of the other African languages spoken in South Africa is that it has hardly any dialects apart from a few minor ones spoken by only a very small number VIII of people, most of whom reside along the KwaZulu-Natal coastline. None of these dialects is officially recognized and they therefore play no role in the language policy of that province. Zulu was the third African language in South Africa to be conveyed in writing. Its writing history dates back to 1846, when the translation of a number of extracts from the Book of Genesis appeared in print. This was followed a few years later by the publication in 1855 of the first elementary Zulu grammar book which paved the way for other Zulu language pioneers to make Zulu one of the most important literary mediums in the whole of Southern Africa. It has excellent dictionaries, both bilingual and monolingual, that rank amongst the best in the African languages. It has a well developed literature that started in 1935 with the publication of the first novel in Zulu and today consists of more than 400 literary works of all genres. A characteristic feature of Zulu is that it is written conjunctively, which means that words which are often the equivalents of complete words in other languages are joined together to form a single word. What is therefore expressed by means of a single word in Zulu is often expressed by two, three or even more words in other languages, such as English, for example: = Usalele one word = She is still asleep four words This conjunctive way of writing is one of the main reasons why Zulu dictionaries are not word-based like the dictionaries of most other languages are, but stem-based. This means that when a word has a stem as part of its grammatical structure, and the vast majority of Zulu words have a stem, it is onlIy ft. ~~.., .,4 1 such a word that is entered in the dictionary and '4 word itself. Therefore, if one wants to look up ~rd such as ngiyasebenza I am working in a Zulu dictionariSne won't find it :ii!!!J lemmatized under its first letter as is normally. case with words in languages such as English. One will have tC:Ok for it under the first letter of its stem, i.e. sebenza work. ~ ~ ~.. "'-: ! ~ >"7 ~ '~A.t.U.~\~ Onlygottweini~~JP IX