Compilation of Henry’s Law Constants for Inorganic and Organic Species of Potential Importance in Environmental Chemistry http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~sander/res/henry.html Rolf Sander Air Chemistry Department Max-Planck Institute of Chemistry PO Box 3060 55020 Mainz Germany e-mail: [email protected] Version 3 (April 8, 1999) (cid:13)c Rolf Sander (non-commercial reproduction permitted) Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 The physical quantity of solubility 3 3 Temperature dependence 3 4 Unit conversions 3 5 How to use the Tables 4 6 Further Sources of Information 4 7 Data Table (Inorganic) 6 oxygen (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 hydrogen (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 nitrogen (N). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 fluorine (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 chlorine (Cl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 bromine (Br) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 iodine (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 sulfur (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 rare gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 other elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2 R. Sander: Henry’s law constants (http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~sander/res/henry.html) 8 Data Table (Organic) 14 alkanes (C and H only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 cycloalkanes (C and H only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 aliphatic alkenes and cycloalkenes (C and H only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 aliphatic alkynes (C and H only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 mononuclear aromatics (C and H only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 terpenes and polynuclear aromatics (C and H only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 alcohols (ROH) (C, H, and O only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 polyols (R(OH) ) (C, H, and O only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 n peroxides (ROOH) and peroxy radicals (ROO) (C, H, and O only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 aldehydes (RCHO) (C, H, and O only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 ketones (RCOR) (C, H, and O only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 carboxylic acids (RCOOH) and peroxy carboxylic acids (RCOOOH) (C, H, and O only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 esters (RCOOR) (C, H, and O only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 ethers (ROR) (C, H, and O only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 miscellaneous, e.g. multiple functional groups (C, H, and O only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 compounds with nitrogen: amines (RNH ) (C, H, O, and N only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 2 compounds with nitrogen: amino acids (RCHNH COOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2 compounds with nitrogen: heterocycles (C, H, O, and N only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 compounds with nitrogen: nitrates (RONO ) (C, H, O, and N only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 2 compounds with nitrogen: nitriles (RCN) (C, H, O, and N only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 compounds with nitrogen: nitro (RNO ) (C, H, O, and N only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 2 compounds with fluorine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 aliphatic compounds with chlorine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 aromatic compounds with chlorine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 compounds with chlorine and fluorine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 compounds with bromine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 compounds with iodine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 compounds with sulfur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 polychlorobiphenyls (PCB’s), pesticides, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 9 Notes 96 10 Acknowledgements 99 References 99 R. Sander: Henry’s law constants (http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~sander/res/henry.html) 3 1 Introduction Henry’s law constants (solubilities) of trace gases of potential importance in environmental chemistry (atmospheric chem- istry, waste water treatment, ...) have been collected and converted into a uniform format. Disclaimer: Although this compilation has been edited with greatest care the possibility of errors cannot be excluded. If youuse datafromthistableitisrecommended thatyoualsochecktheoriginalliterature. Ifyoufindanerrorinthistable, please tell me about it! 2 The physical quantity of solubility There are several ways of describing the solubility of a gas in water. Usually the Henry’s law constant k is defined as: H def k = c /p (1) H a g Here,c istheconcentrationofaspeciesintheaqueousphaseandp isthepartialpressureofthatspeciesinthegasphase. a g If k refers to standard conditions (T(cid:9) = 298.15 K) it will be denoted as k(cid:9). H H Henry’s law constant can also be expressed as the dimensionless ratio between the aqueous-phase concentration c of a a species and its gas-phase concentration c : g kcc d=ef c /c =k ×RT (2) H a g H where R = gas constant and T = temperature. To distinguish these different physical quantities, this constant has been named kcc here. H Sometimes the reciprocal value kpx is used, representing the volatility instead of the solubility. The usual definition is: H,inv % kpx d=ef p /x = H2O (3) H,inv g a M ×k H2O H where x = molar mixing ratio in the aqueous phase, % = density of water, and M = molar mass of water. a H2O H2O 3 Temperature dependence A simple way to describe Henry’s law as a function of temperature is: −∆ H 1 1 kH =kH(cid:9)×exp(cid:18) Rsoln (cid:18)T − T(cid:9)(cid:19)(cid:19) (4) where ∆ H = enthalpy of solution. Here, the temperature dependence is: soln −dlnk ∆ H H = soln (5) d(1/T) R 4 Unit conversions Detailed information about the conversion between different units and definitions of Henry’s law constants is given by Sander [1999]. Here is a short summary: mol /dm3 mol /m3 The commonly used unit for k is [M/atm] = [ aq aq]. The official SI unit is [ aq aq]. The conversion is: H atm Pa k k H =101.325× H (6) [M/atm] [(mol /m3 )/Pa] aq aq The relation between k and kcc is: H H T k × H =12.2×kcc (7) [K] [M/atm] H 4 R. Sander: Henry’s law constants (http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~sander/res/henry.html) At T = 298.15 K this leads to: k H =0.0409×kcc (8) [M/atm] H The commonly used unit for kpx is [atm]. The product of k and kpx is constant: H,inv H H,inv k kpx H × H,inv =55.3 (9) [M/atm] [atm] 5 How to use the Tables Inorganic substances are sorted according to the elements they contain. The order chosen is: O, H, N, F, Cl, Br, I, S, rare gases, others. Organic substances (i.e. everything with carbon, including CO and CO ) are sorted somewhat arbitrarily by increasing 2 chainlengthandcomplexity. Heteroatoms (N, F, Cl, Br, I, andS)aresortedinthesame wayasforinorganiccompounds. Thecolumnlabeled‘substance’givesthesystematicname,thechemicalformula,trivialnames(ifany),andinseveralcases the CAS registry number (in square brackets). (cid:9) The column labeled ‘k ’ contains the Henry’s law constants as defined in equation (1), rounded to two significant digits H and given in the unit [M/atm]. The column labeled ‘−dlnk /d(1/T)’ contains the temperature dependence of the Henry’s law constants as defined in H equations (4) and (5), rounded to two significant digits and given in the unit [K]. For each table entry the column labeled ‘type’ denotes how the Henry’s law constant was obtained in the given reference. Literature reviews are usually most reliable, followed by original publications of experimental determinations of k . Other H data has to be treated more carefully. The types listed here are roughly ordered by decreasing reliability: ‘L’ The cited paper is a literature review. ‘M’ Original publication of a measured value (e.g. head-space or bub- ble column technique as explained by Betterton [1992]). ‘V’ Vapor pressure of the pure substance is used to determine the Henry’s law constant (c/p for a saturated solution). ‘R’ The cited paper presents a recalculation of previously published material (e.g. extrapolation to a different temperature or concen- tration range). ‘T’ Thermodynamical calculation (∆ G = −RT lnk , see Sander soln H [1999] for details). ‘C’ The paper that is cited here refers to another reference which I could not obtain (e.g. personal communication, Ph.D. theses, internal papers etc.). ‘X’ I haven’t seen the paper that I cite here. I found it referenced by another paper or I know about it through others. ‘?’ Thecitedpaperdoesn’tclearlystatehowthevaluewasobtained. ‘E’ The value is estimated. Estimates are only listed if no reliable measurements are available for that compound. In some cases there might be good agreement between different authors. However, if the original work they refer to is not known one has to be careful when evaluating the reliability. It is possible that they were recalculating data from the same source. The similarity in that case would not be due to independent investigations. 6 Further Sources of Information Further important references: • monoaromatic hydrocarbons, chlorobenzenes, and PCBs: Mackay et al. [1992a] R. Sander: Henry’s law constants (http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~sander/res/henry.html) 5 • polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dioxins, and dibenzofuranes: Mackay et al. [1992b] • volatile organic chemicals: Mackay et al. [1993] • oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur containing compounds: Mackay et al. [1995] • pestizides, PCB’s, etc.: Westcott et al. [1981]; Burkhard et al. [1985]; Hassett and Milicic [1985]; Yin and Hassett [1986]; Murphy et al. [1987]; Shiu et al. [1988]; Rice et al. [1997]; Fendinger and Glotfelty [1988]; Fendinger et al. [1989]; De Maagd et al. [1998]; Duce et al. [1991] • additional references that are not (yet) included: Lide and Frederikse [1995]; Shiu et al. [1994]; Watts and Brimble- combe [1987]; Wright et al. [1992a]; Tse et al. [1992]; Kolb et al. [1992]; Ettre et al. [1993]; Gan and Yates [1996]; Peng and Wan [1997]; Roberts and D¨andliker [1983]; Economou et al. [1997]; Wong and Wang [1997]; Suleimenov and Krupp [1994]; Heron et al. [1998]; Becker et al. [1998]; Leuenberger et al. [1985] • predictive methods for Henrys law coefficients (QSPRs): Russell et al. [1992]; Nirmalakhandan et al. [1997]; Brennan et al. [1998] On the Internet: • The NIST Chemistry WebBook at http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry • The Pesticide Properties Database (PPD) at http://www.arsusda.gov/rsml/ppdb2.html 6 R. Sander: Henry’s law constants (http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~sander/res/henry.html) 7 Data Table (Inorganic) k(cid:9) −dlnkH substance H d(1/T) reference type note [M/atm] [K] oxygen (O) oxygen 1.3×10−3 1700 Loomis [1928] X 1 O 1.2×10−3 1800 Carpenter [1966] M 2 [7782-44-7] 1.3×10−3 1500 Wilhelm et al. [1977] L 1.3×10−3 1700 Dean [1992] ? 2 1.3×10−3 1500 Lide and Frederikse [1995] L 1.2×10−3 1700 Kavanaugh and Trussell [1980] X 3 ozone 1.2×10−2 2300 Loomis [1928] X 1 O 1.3×10−2 2000 Briner and Perrottet [1939] M 3 [10028-15-6] 1.3×10−2 2000 Wilhelm et al. [1977] L 1.2×10−2 Durham et al. [1981] C 1.1×10−2 2300 Kosak-Channing and Helz [1983] M 1.2×10−2 2700 Chameides [1984] T 9.4×10−3 2500 Hoffmann and Jacob [1984] ? 4 1.1×10−2 2400 Jacob [1986] C 9.4×10−3 2400 Seinfeld [1986] C 8.9×10−3 2900 Kavanaugh and Trussell [1980] X 3 hydrogen (H) hydrogen 7.8×10−4 Hine and Weimar [1965] R H 7.8×10−4 490 Wilhelm et al. [1977] L 2 [1333-74-0] 7.8×10−4 640 Dean [1992] ? 2 7.8×10−4 500 Lide and Frederikse [1995] L hydroxyl radical 2.9×101 3100 Berdnikov and Bazhin [1970] T 5 OH 3.2×101 Mozurkewich [1986] T [3352-57-6] 2.5×101 5300 Jacob [1986] C 6 2.5×101 Lelieveld and Crutzen [1991] C 2.0×102 Lelieveld and Crutzen [1991] C 9.0×103 Lelieveld and Crutzen [1991] C 3.0×101 4500 Hanson et al. [1992] T hydroperoxy radical 4.6×103 4800 Berdnikov and Bazhin [1970] T 5 HO 9.0×103 Chameides [1984] T 2 [3170-83-0] 1.2×103 Schwartz [1984] T 7 6600 Jacob [1986] E 9.0×103 Weinstein-Lloyd and Schwartz [1991] T 4.0×103 5900 Hanson et al. [1992] T 5.7×103 R´egimbal and Mozurkewich [1997] R hydrogen peroxide 7.1×104 7000 Martin and Damschen [1981] T H O 7.1×104 7300 Hoffmann and Jacob [1984] ? 4 2 2 [7722-84-1] 1.4×105 Yoshizumi et al. [1984] M 8 9.7×104 6600 Chameides [1984] T 6.9×104 7900 Hwang and Dasgupta [1985] M 1.0×105 6300 Lind and Kok [1994] M 9 8.3×104 7400 O’Sullivan et al. [1996] M 1.1×105 7500 Staffelbach and Kok [1993] M 10 8.6×104 6500 Zhou and Lee [1992] M R. Sander: Henry’s law constants (http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~sander/res/henry.html) 7 k(cid:9) −dlnkH substance H d(1/T) reference type note [M/atm] [K] nitrogen (N) ammonia 5.9×101 4100 Sillen and Martell [1964] X 1 NH 5.7×101 4100 Robinson and Stokes [1970] X 1 3 [7664-41-7] 1.0×101 1500 Wilhelm et al. [1977] L 6.1×101 4200 Edwards et al. [1978] L 7.6×101 3400 Hales and Drewes [1979] M 5.8×101 4100 Chameides [1984] T 7.8×101 Holzwarth et al. [1984] M 5.8×101 4100 Hoffmann and Jacob [1984] ? 4 5.6×101 4100 Dasgupta and Dong [1986] M 5.6×101 4200 Dasgupta and Dong [1986] T 6.1×101 4200 Clegg and Brimblecombe [1989] M 2.7×101 2100 Dean [1992] ? 2 6.2×101 Van Krevelen et al. [1949] X 11 5.4×101 Bone et al. [1983] ? 12 6.0×101 4400 Kavanaugh and Trussell [1980] X 3 hydrazoic acid 9.9 3100 Wilhelm et al. [1977] L HN 3 [7782-79-8] dinitrogen monoxide 2.5×10−2 Loomis [1928] X 1 N O 2.6×10−2 Liss and Slater [1974] ? 2 (nitrous oxide, laughing gas) 2.4×10−2 2600 Wilhelm et al. [1977] L [10024-97-2] 2.5×10−2 Seinfeld [1986] ? 13 2.4×10−2 2800 Dean [1992] ? 2 2.5×10−2 2600 Lide and Frederikse [1995] L 14 2.4×10−2 2700 Perry [1963] X nitrogen 6.5×10−4 1300 Wilhelm et al. [1977] L N 6.1×10−4 1300 Kavanaugh and Trussell [1980] X 3 2 [7727-37-9] nitrogen monoxide 7.9×10−7 3800 Wilhelm et al. [1977] L NO 1.4×10−3 Zafiriou and McFarland [1980] M (nitric oxide) 1.9×10−3 1500 Schwartz and White [1981] L [10102-43-9] 1.9×10−3 Durham et al. [1981] C 1.9×10−3 1700 Dean [1992] ? 2 1.9×10−3 1400 Lide and Frederikse [1995] L nitrogen dioxide 3.4×10−2 1800 Berdnikov and Bazhin [1970] T 5 NO 7.0×10−3 Lee and Schwartz [1981] M 15 2 [10102-44-0] 4.0×10−2 Lee and Schwartz [1981] C 2.4×10−2 Lee and Schwartz [1981] C 1.2×10−2 Schwartz and White [1981] L 4.1×10−2 Durham et al. [1981] C 1.2×10−2 2500 Chameides [1984] T nitrogen trioxide 3.4×10−2 2000 Berdnikov and Bazhin [1970] T 5 NO 1.2×101 1900 Chameides [1986] T 3 (nitrate radical) 2.0 2000 Thomas et al. [1993] M [12033-49-7] 6.0×10−1 Rudich et al. [1996] M 16 see note Seinfeld and Pandis [1998] M 17 1.8 Thomas et al. [1998] M 8 R. Sander: Henry’s law constants (http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~sander/res/henry.html) k(cid:9) −dlnkH substance H d(1/T) reference type note [M/atm] [K] dinitrogen trioxide 6.0×10−1 Schwartz and White [1981] L N O 2.6×101 Durham et al. [1981] C 2 3 [10544-73-7] dinitrogen tetroxide 1.4 Schwartz and White [1981] L N O 1.6 Durham et al. [1981] C 2 4 [10544-72-6] dinitrogen pentoxide ∞ Jacob [1986] E 18 N O 2.1 3400 Fried et al. [1994] E 19 2 5 (nitric anhydride) ∞ Sander and Crutzen [1996] E 18 [10102-03-1] nitrous acid 4.9×101 4800 Schwartz and White [1981] L HNO 3.7×101 Durham et al. [1981] C 2 [7782-77-6] 4.9×101 4800 Chameides [1984] T 4.8×101 4700 Martin [1984] T 4.9×101 4900 Park and Lee [1988] M 5.0×101 4900 Becker et al. [1996] M nitric acid 2.1×105 Schwartz and White [1981] T HNO 8.9×104 Durham et al. [1981] C 3 [7697-37-2] 2.6×106 8700 Chameides [1984] T 3.5×105/K 8700 Hoffmann and Jacob [1984] ? 20, 4 A 2.4×106/K 8700 Brimblecombe and Clegg [1989] T 20, 21 A 2.1×105 8700 Lelieveld and Crutzen [1991] R 22 pernitric acid 2.0×104 0 Jacob et al. [1989] C HNO 1.0×105 M¨oller and Mauersberger [1992] E 23 4 [26404-66-0] 1.2×104 6900 R´egimbal and Mozurkewich [1997] T 4.0×103 Amels et al. [1996] M fluorine (F) fluorine atom 2.1×10−2 400 Berdnikov and Bazhin [1970] T 5 F [14762-94-8] hydrogen fluoride 9.6/K 7400 Brimblecombe and Clegg [1989] T 20, 21 A HF [7664-39-3] nitrogen trifluoride 7.9×10−4 1900 Wilhelm et al. [1977] L NF 3 [7783-54-2] dinitrogen tetrafluoride 8.5×10−4 2500 Wilhelm et al. [1977] L N F 2 4 (tetrafluorohydrazine) [10036-47-2] R. Sander: Henry’s law constants (http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~sander/res/henry.html) 9 k(cid:9) −dlnkH substance H d(1/T) reference type note [M/atm] [K] chlorine (Cl) hydrogen chloride 1.9×101 9000 Loomis [1928] X 1 HCl 1.7×105/K Loomis [1928] X 1,20 A [7647-01-0] 1.5×103 Chen et al. [1979] X 1 2.0×101 Graedel and Goldberg [1983] C 1.1 2000 Marsh and McElroy [1985] T 2.5×103 Seinfeld [1986] ? 13 2.0×106/K 9000 Brimblecombe and Clegg [1989] T 20, 21 A 1.9×101 600 Dean [1992] ? 2 2.0×106/K 9000 Wagman et al. [1982] T A hypochlorous acid 7.3×102 Holzwarth et al. [1984] M HOCl 4.8×102 Hanson and Ravishankara [1991] M 24 [7790-92-3] 9.3×102 Blatchley et al. [1992] M 6.6×102 5900 Huthwelker et al. [1995] L 2.6×102 5100 Wagman et al. [1982] T nitrosyl chloride > 0.05 Scheer et al. [1997] M NOCl [2696-92-6] nitryl chloride 2.4×10−2 Behnke et al. [1997] E 25 ClNO 4.6×10−2 Frenzel et al. [1998] E 2 [13444-90-1] chlorine nitrate ∞ Sander and Crutzen [1996] E 18 ClNO 3 [14545-72-3] molecular chlorine see note Kruis and May [1962] ? 26 Cl 9.1×10−2 2500 Wilhelm et al. [1977] L 2 [7782-50-5] 6.2×10−2 2800 Wagman et al. [1982] T 9.3×10−2 2300 Dean [1992] ? 2 6.3×10−2 3200 Brian et al. [1962] L 9.5×10−2 2100 Lide and Frederikse [1995] L 8.6×10−2 2000 Kavanaugh and Trussell [1980] X 3 dichlorine monoxide 1.7×101 1800 Wilhelm et al. [1977] L Cl O 1.7×101 1700 Lide and Frederikse [1995] L 2 [7791-21-1] chlorine dioxide 1.0 3300 Wilhelm et al. [1977] L ClO 1.0 3300 Lide and Frederikse [1995] L 14 2 [10049-04-4] 8.5×10−1 3400 Kavanaugh and Trussell [1980] X 3 chlorine atom 1.5×10−2 1500 Berdnikov and Bazhin [1970] T 5 Cl 2.0×10−1 Mozurkewich [1986] T [22537-15-1] chloramide 9.4×101 4800 Holzwarth et al. [1984] M NH Cl 2 [10599-90-3] dichloroamine 2.9×101 4200 Holzwarth et al. [1984] M NHCl 2 (chlorimide) [3400-09-7] nitrogen trichloride 1.0×10−1 4100 Holzwarth et al. [1984] M NCl 3 [10025-85-1] 10 R. Sander: Henry’s law constants (http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~sander/res/henry.html) k(cid:9) −dlnkH substance H d(1/T) reference type note [M/atm] [K] bromine (Br) hydrogen bromide 1.3×109/K 10000 Brimblecombe and Clegg [1989] T 20, 21 A HBr 7.2×10−1 6100 Chameides and Stelson [1992] C 27 [10035-10-6] 2.5×101 370 Dean [1992] ? 2 7.2×108/K 10000 Wagman et al. [1982] T A hypobromous acid >1.9×103 Blatchley et al. [1992] M HOBr 1.8 Mozurkewich [1995] T 28 [13517-11-8] 9.3×101 Vogt et al. [1996] E see note Fickert [1998] M 29 6.1×103 Frenzel et al. [1998] E nitryl bromide 3.0×10−1 Frenzel et al. [1998] E BrNO 2 [13536-70-4] bromine nitrate ∞ Sander and Crutzen [1996] E 18 BrNO 3 [40423-14-1] molecular bromine 7.9×10−1 3600 Winkler [1899] X 30 Br 7.1×10−1 4100 Kelley and Tartar [1956] M 2 [7726-95-6] 9.7×10−1 Jenkins and King [1965] M 8 8.0×10−1 3900 Jenkins and King [1965] R 6.9×10−1 Hill et al. [1968] M 7.3×10−1 4000 Wagman et al. [1982] T 7.6×10−1 4100 Dean [1992] ? 2 1.8 3300 Dubik et al. [1987] M 31 bromine chloride 4.2 3700 Dubik et al. [1987] M 31 BrCl 1.1 see note T 32 [13863-41-7] 7.4×10−1 see note T 33 5.2 Disselkamp et al. [1998] M 34 9.4×10−1 5600 Bartlett and Margerum [1998] M 5.9×10−1 Frenzel et al. [1998] E bromine atom 3.4×10−2 1800 Berdnikov and Bazhin [1970] T 5 Br 1.2 Mozurkewich [1986] T [10097-32-2]