Community Sporting Facility Lighting Guide for Australian Rules football, Football (Soccer) and Netball Index Minister’s Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Football (Soccer) Lighting Key Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Illuminance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . .25 Types of Floodlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Pole Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 The Planning Process Layout and Pole Locations . . . . . . . . . .28 Planning Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Side Pole Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Spill Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Corner Pole Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Building Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Multiple Pitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Offsetting of Pitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Multi-use Sports Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Football (soccer) Lighting Plan Examples .35 Planning Power and Electrical Supply .9 Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Control Supply – Pole Supply Costings (Typical) . . . . . . .45 How should lights be controlled? . . . . .10 Outdoor Netball Lighting Operation and Maintenance Operation and Maintenance Manuals . .11 Key Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Usage Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Types of Floodlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Sports Light Aiming and Commissioning12 Height and Type of Poles . . . . . . . . . . .48 Light Loss Factor (previously known Netball Lighting Plan Examples . . . . . . .49 as Maintenance Factor) . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Pole Supply Costings (Typical) . . . . . . .54 Environmentally Sustainable Designs Sports Light Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Where to Get Further Help . . . . . . . . .55 Control Gear Wattage . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Duration – Hours of Use . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Australian Rules Football Lighting Examples of Lighting Projects Key Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Australian Rules Football . . . . . . . . . . .57 Illuminance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . .14 Football (Soccer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Types of Floodlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Netball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Height and Type of Poles . . . . . . . . . . .17 Layout and Pole Locations . . . . . . . . . .18 Football Lighting Plan Example . . . . . . .19 Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Pole Supply Costings (Typical) . . . . . . .23 2 Minister’s Foreword That’s why I’m pleased to present the Community Sporting Facility Lighting Guide. This Guide is designed to answer key questions local clubs, organisations and councils may have when undertaking lighting projects for Australian Rules football, football (soccer) and netball. It offers recommendations for planning, design, maintenance and operation of a variety of lighting systems. This Guide will assist local sporting clubs, organisations and councils develop facilities for communities to enjoy well into the future. Local sporting facilities create a place where people gather with family and friends to keep active and socialise. Across Victoria, we are now experiencing increased demand for our sporting facilities HUGH DELAHUNTY MP due to large participation numbers in several sports including football (soccer), Minister for Sport and Recreation Australian Rules and Netball. In recent years the demand on playing facilities for these sports has meant developing innovative solutions to cater for participation needs. The provision of more uniform, higher quality and practical sports lighting is helping meet this demand. However, as many of us know the provision of sports lighting can be a complex and technical task without the correct information. 3 Introduction The Community Sporting Facility Lighting Guide for Australian Rules football, football (soccer) and netball has been developed to assist clubs and councils to install effective sports lighting for their facilities. Some components in this Guide are technical in nature and are therefore predominantly provided to inform clubs and councils in their discussions with qualified lighting experts. This Guide covers key topics that councils and clubs will need to consider when planning a sports lighting project. These include: • Planning process • Planning the power supply • Maintenance and operation • Environmentally sustainable design • Types of lighting • Pole height and location • Design standards for training and competition • Where to get further assistance This Guide is divided into four sections. Section One covers general information to plan a lighting project which is suitable for all sports lighting projects. The remaining three sections contain sport specific information relating to Australian Rules, football (soccer) and netball. A range of useful tips have been provided throughout the Guide to highlight a number of planning considerations for local clubs and councils. 4 Glossary The following table defines key lighting terms. Term Meaning Colour Measure of the degree to which the colours of objects illuminated by a Rendering given lamp conform to those of the same objects under an ideal light Index (CRI) source of similar colour appearance. CRI range from 0-100. The higher the CRI, the better the colour rendition appears. An inappropriate colour rendition can deceive the eye and supply it with wrong information. Floodlight A lamp designed specifically for floodlighting or sports lighting (usually weatherproof). Glare rating A numerical value on a scale of 0 to 100, determined in a specified manner, representing the degree of glare from a lighting system for given observer positions and viewing directions. Higher values correspond to greater glare from the lighting system. Illuminance The total amount of visible light illuminating a point on a surface from (Lux) all directions above the surface. The standard unit for illuminance is Lux (lx). For a lamp it normally refers to the total light emitted irrespective of the directions in which it is distributed. Kilowatt (kW) The total power requirements for a series of lamps – a lighting system – are usually defined in terms of kilowatts. One kilowatt equals 1000 watts. Light loss factor The ratio of the illuminance provided by an installation in the average condition of dirtiness and with a lamp of average age expected in service, to the initial illuminance provided by the same installation. Metal halide A high intensity discharge lamp with high efficiency and good colour lamp rendition. These lamps are used in stadiums, warehouses and industrial settings. Principal Playing All portions of all surfaces which the ball or participants may touch Area and be considered in play in accordance with the rules. Uniformity ratios Describes the uniformity of light levels across an area. This may be expressed as a ratio of minimum to average or it may be expressed as a ratio of maximum to minimum level of illumination for a given area. Watt (W) The watt is a unit for measuring electrical power. It defines the rate of energy consumption by an electric device. The power input to a lamp is usually measured in watts. Source: Standards Australia, Sports Lighting Part 1: General Principles, Volume 2560.1 - 2007 5 The Planning Process This section assumes the appropriate Spill Light pre-planning has been undertaken to ascertain that a sports lighting project As residential properties are often in close is needed. proximity to sporting fields, spill light issues (i.e. light that falls outside the area New or amended sports lighting intended to be lit) need to be considered installations will need to consider in the planning process. Planning permits obtaining statutory planning consent often require verification of obtrusive and other appropriate approvals. lighting provisions (i.e. calculation of spill light to nearby residences). There may also Planning Permits be special traffic and aviation spill lighting requirements that apply to your area. A planning permit is a statement that a particular use or development (subdivision, buildings, and works) may proceed on Building Permits a specified parcel of land. Sometimes a Many light pole installations will require a permit is specific to a nominated person building permit, irrespective of whether a or operator. It is always subject to a time planning permit is also required. In many limit and will expire under specified instances local council is the landowner circumstances. The responsible authority and needs to grant permission for any (usually local council) is entitled to impose works to be carried out on its land. The conditions when granting a permit. Building Regulations 2006 indicate that If you propose to use or develop land, for poles not attached to a building, a first discuss the proposal in detail with permit is required when they are over your local council planning and recreation eight metres in height. Further information departments. Early discussion will confirm about the building permit process can be whether a planning permit is necessary obtained from the building department of and highlight likely conditions. Typically, your local council. sports lighting upgrades do not require a permit. The planning permit process may require consultation with surrounding residents and other stakeholders. Organisations should consider undertaking community consultation prior to seeking a planning permit to help address any community concerns. It is important not to confuse planning permits with building permits. Building permits relate to the method of construction of a building or development to ensure it complies with relevant standards. A planning permit does not remove the need to obtain a building permit. When applying for a planning permit, applicants should use their local council’s Planning Permit Application form and include the prescribed permit application fee (refer to the Planning and Environment (Fees) Regulations 2000), and all necessary supporting information, such as accurate plans, reports and photographs. 6 The Planning Process Tips & Suggestions • If planning permits require verification of Obtrusive Lighting Provisions (i.e. calculation of spill light to nearby residences or other sensitive locations), include this into your project design brief and be aware that additional design time may be required. • Establish the proximity and orientation of any nearby residential areas at the time of planning the site design layout. Simple matters like field/court orientation and set out can help limit spill light to residential areas. Typically greater than 20m distance from a property boundary will likely see less light spill. • Identify any particularly sensitive locations that may be impacted by proposed sports lighting e.g. main roads and/or intersections. • Consider proximity to airports and ensure civil aviation requirements for screening of sports lights are addressed. Restrictions typically exist up to 6kms away from airport runways. Budget The budget tables included in this guide For new sports lighting, soil conditions provide a breakdown of indicative costs for should be considered as this may impact a new sports lighting installation consistent on the placement of poles and overall with the sample layouts highlighted. This is costs. For example many recreational current at the time of writing (2011) and reserves are constructed over landfill sites annual cost escalations should be taken with poor soil conditions. Alternatively, into account. facilities may be constructed on sites where rock is commonly encountered. There are a number of factors that will have a bearing on probable costs to Therefore, it is critical to obtain a establish new or upgraded sports lighting. geotechnical report of soil conditions at It is recommended that the budget be the proposed pole locations in conjunction used as a guide only as site specific with a structural engineer advising on the factors and implementation aspects will pole foundation designs. A geotechnical vary between projects (e.g. power supply report typically costs $2,000 and should requirements). be included in your budget. Existing installations give rise to different cost considerations. Questions regarding suitability of the existing equipment to be used as part of an upgraded design need to be carefully considered to ensure they comply with the current Australian Standards (AS). Be particularly mindful of the pole height as many older poles do not meet current Australian Standards. 7 The Planning Process Equipment Sports lighting should be designed and The sports lighting installations can also installed so that the sport being conducted serve to intentionally illuminate the areas can be comfortably performed by the where spectators gather. Poles can be participants and officials and viewed by used to mount other lights to illuminate spectators. perimeter areas. This needs to be considered when specifying poles and Before installation, consideration allowing the provision to mount such should be given to determine what lighting (usually at lower levels on the the intended purpose of play is; training, poles), using separate electrical cabling club-competition or semi-professional play. infrastructure. This will allow operation Making provision for upgrades (e.g. pole of the lights for different times and size and cabling) can significantly reduce requirements, such as public lighting. the cost of upgrades in the future. The decision to install sports lighting should be made following consultation between the user groups, council and peak sporting bodies. Visiting sites with different levels of lighting also provides project proponents with a practical understanding of what various lux levels actually mean. Project Insight In 1991 the Learmonth Football and Netball Club upgraded their Australian Rules football lighting to an average of 100 lux with infrastructure in place to accommodate additional lighting upgrades into the future. In 2008 the Club was able to upgrade their lighting to over 150 lux whilst still maintaining Australian Standards without the need to replace poles or upgrade power supply. (See page 57 for more details.) 8 Planning Power and Electrical Supply Contact your local electricity company early in the process to organise power to Health and Safety tip the facility. Consider who is paying for the power use. Options include providing The power supply to each pole a separate metered account, installing a can come from the clubroom main check meter which logs hours of use or switchboard. While not mandatory, payments based on typical usage control via a suitable Residual patterns. Current Device is recommended. The Residual Current Device is Power supply requirements should be designed to disconnect the power discussed early in the planning process supply to prevent an ‘electrical to ensure supply requirements can be met leak’ which can cause fatal injury for both immediate and future lux levels. through an ‘electric shock’. A field of play will vary in its power demand requirements depending on the illumination level. Competition level lighting power demands are often greater than the Tips & Suggestions rest of the facility’s demand combined. • Establish what method will be In addition, many sports lights have a used to meter/record lighting higher demand during start up and this use, particularly for the purposes demand needs to be carefully considered of attributing power bill payments when selecting the electrical supply and and maintenance. cable reticulation. • Determine the power supply Power supply to each pole can come from required to meet immediate and either the clubroom main switchboard (for future levels of play. Ascertain training level) or a dedicated floodlighting whether the supply required is switchboard and submain supply system readily available and any potential for each pole (for competitive level). Ensure costs. existing switchboards have the capacity to cope with additional requirements. 9 Planning Power and Electrical Supply Control Supply – How should lights be controlled? Training level lighting is often controlled directly through manual switches. Club competition level lighting can also be controlled in a similar way on a pole-by-pole basis. Pole switches can be located at a central location or at the base of each pole. Switches should be either operated by key, in a lockable enclosure or locked in a controlled area accessible to authorized persons only. Accessibility should be considered when locating lighting controls. Diagram 1 – The pole is permanently A useful and inexpensive additional wired from the club switchboard. A key measure is to fit an hours-run indicator to switch at the base of the pole provides log operating hours. This allows clubs to lighting control of a playing surface. keep track of energy use (= hours x total rated wattage of lights) and provides a log for repair and maintenance purposes. Environmental tip The configuration of competition lighting in set groups (banks) enables the provision of lower lighting levels to suit training use. This will save energy, reduce running costs and increase the life cycle of the lamps. Project Insight Lighting at the Fawkner Secondary College Synthetic Pitch is controlled through a key lockable switch to restrict the operation of floodlights to authorised persons. (See page 58 for more details.) 10