DOCUMENT RESUME JC 740 488 ED 099 047 Hawthorne, Mary E.; Perry, J. Warren AUTHOR Community Colleges and Primary Health Care: Study of TITLE Allied Health Education (SAME) Report. American Association of Community and Junior INSTITUTION Colleges, Washington, D.C. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, New Brunswick, SPONS AGENCY N.J. 74 PUB DATE NOTE 303p. American Association of Community and Junior AVAILABLE FROM Colleges, One Dupont Circle, N.V., Washington, D.C. 20036 ($1.75) NF -$0.75 HC-$15.00 PLUS POSTAGE EDRS PRICE Action Research; Adult Education; Articulation DESCRIPTORS (Program); Books; *Community Colleges; Conferences; Curriculum Development; *Health Education; Interviews; *Junior Colleges; Literature Reviews; *Nursing; Post Secondary Education; *Primary Health Care; Program Development; Questionnaires; Teacher Education; Workshops SAME; *Study of Allied Health Education IDENTIFIERS ABSTRACT This report focuses on the Study of Allied Health Education (SAME) project that was established for the purpose of designing an action plan on a national scale for allied health and nursing education. The specific task of the project was the determination of the role that community and junior colleges might fulfill in increasing ambulatory care in the United States. The study involved regional workshops, national conferences, special interviews, questionnaires, and a literature search. This report presents the major findings and recommendations resulting from those activities. The chapters of the book are: 1. SAME Objectives: Definition of Primary and Ambulatory Care; Objectives--Student Related Issues; Curriculum Development and Quality of Instruction; Articulation, Teacher Preparation, and Continuing Education; Administration and Administrative Costs; Manpower Information; Emerging Health Care Programs; 2. SAHE Procedures: National Advisory Committee; National Professional Associations Conferences; Regional Workshops; Questionnaire: Clinical Instruction; Continuing Education and Consumer Health Education; 3. SAME Findings: Priorities for SAME Objectives; Literature Search; Conference and Workshops; SAME Questionnaire; Status of Clinical Instruction; and Continuing Education and Consumer Health Education; 4. SANE Recommendations; Targets of Opportunity; and 5. SAME Projections. Nine appendixes, three figures, and 16 tables are included. (DB) Of PANT SAF hT OF Nf At TN r I t Cos E OUS MO NAT IONA% INSTITUTE Or .0.4 f (% .e. .t awe, 11 oom toes an r IMMO KAM UBE d 11111 WM MI) WA I ii by Mary E. Hawthorne la and J. Warren Perry pE 10,41$44)00 THIS :OPT TO REPRODUCE PeVNTEp MATE RiAL .TAS Ell Eh( GMAtVEh n. .imerlean AssociatIon of :ommunity and junior Cc,I]e es tp EPIC ANO :14C.A04:06. CPiTTAINta 614DeP AGPFEMPT.Ta 'Fq 1.4104-4AL sti,ti 7R uRmt E [LK:Allots, (*PRI% 14 :Mit:210Fe 1 T4P "TF Mt %OF TUT juiFIES 'Mt PF FTTASS4. ON :1F OPT FPC*01' %ANNIE FT Copyright 1974 American Association of Community and Junior Colleges One Dupont Circle, N.W. Washington. D. C. 20036 Printed in U.S.A. This publication, a report of a study of allied health education and primary health care, was produced at the American Association of Community and Junior Colleges under a grant from The Robert Wood Johnson Founda- tion. Princeton, New Jersey. The opinions. conclusions, and proposals presented are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of either the Association or The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Library of Congress Card Catalog Number 74 -19908 Price: $1.75 foreword Providing health care services and health maintenance education for all Americans is a top national priority. Both major political parties. federal government agencies. and all knowledgeable indi- viduals concur in this assessment. Differences of opinion exist, how- ever. not in the broad objective of good health for t.11. but on the spe- cifics of how to organize and finance nationwide programs. Regard- less of these differences, it seems reasonable to project escalating demands for health service personnel. special health care facilities. and health-oriented instructional programs for all citizens in the United States. The American Association of Community and junior Colleges (AACJC) is a membership network of approximately 1000 institu- tions currently serving over 3,000.000 students in approximately 3000 allied health and nursing education programs. During the past decade we have been deeply involved in special projects designed for the improvement of occupational education in general and of allied health and nursing education in particular. These projects have included joint efforts with other national associations and agencies: they have been funded by grants from W.K. Kellogg Foundation. The Commonwealth Fund. and the U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. This publication is a report of the recent Study of Allied Health Education (SAHE) which again brought together national professional associations and foundation resources to focus on a major problem of nationwide concern. The study placed particular emphasis on the role and potential of the community and junior colleges in meeting the country's personnel needs in primary and ambulatory care. The SAHE project and the publication of this report were made possible through grants from The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The Association was most fortunate in obtaining j. Warren Perry. dean. School of Health Related Professions at the State University of New York at Buffalo. to serve as project director. Dr. Perry's repu- tation as one of the national leaders in allied health is well recog- nized. He contributed unstintingly to SAHE from his broad back- ground of experience and intense interest in all aspects of allied health education and practice. During his nine months with the project. while on leave from SUNY. Buffalo. the AACIC learned to appreciate more deeply his many talents and to understand why he is held in such esteem. Dr. Perry selected as his associate Mary E. Hawthorne. formerly educational advisor to the commander, iii it. School of I Ica Ith Care Sciences. USAF. Wichita Falls. Texcs. Dr. Hawthorne brought to this work her tireless energy. her flair for energizing action. and a wide experience combining community col- lege, university, and military allied health and nursing education programs and gave SAHE a comprehensive background essential to the national dimension and potential of this study. Here at the Association we consider the SAHE to have been one Of our most significant recent activities. It has provided us with a beginning pathway toward the achievement of the Aseociation's ob- jectives related to our community-based. performance-oriented philosophy. As we see it. the next few years need to be marked by a concerted effort to chart what is possible. extend what is available. and develop a supportive framework for it all. SAHE has provided the model for meeting these needs. The SAHE staff succeeded in selecting an authoritative advisory committee in allied health and nursing education. These repre- sentatives of the health professions and services and educational administration meticulously constructed the basic statements of is- sues and opportunities which face community and junior colleges :4- and other institutions and agencies with which they must cooperate in the work of achieving national health goals. This SAHE report places considerable emphasis on the need for maintaining liaison and cooperative work patterns among the col- leges. hospitals. university medical centers. clinics. and govern- ment agencies. The very involvement of tha experts representing the audiences of this report promises that its message will be given the credence and respectful attention that will bring constructive action. If this study remains on shelves unread and unattended. then it will be of little valu3 except as a record of some phenomenal first meetings-of-minds of hitherto rather independent workers. But. since it is a high point in the chronicle of community and junior col- lege allied health and nursing education. we hope it will serve the higher purposes of stimulating discussion and thought leading to positive action for America's highest priority goal, as the authors put it. a "nation of healthy people in a healthful environment." William G. Shannon Senior Vice President for Planning and Development American Association of Community and junior Colleges November 1974 preface Planning without action is futile; action without planning is fatal. In the broad field of allied health and nursing education there has been a great deal of planning without action and. it appears. an al- most equal amount of action without planning. The Study of Allied Health Education (SAHE) funded by The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation is a project established for the purpose of designing an action plan on a national scale for allied health and nursing educa- tion. with the specific task of determining the role that community and junior colleges might fulfill in increasing access to primary and ambulatory rare in the United States. The study involved regional workshops. national conferences, special interviews. question- naires. and a literature search; and this report presents the major findirigs and recommendations stemming from these activities. The SAHE project has been an enlightening and rewarding ex- perience for us mainly because of the splendid cooperation we re- ceived from all who participated. To each one we extend our pro- found and abiding appreciation: to The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation for the grant which made the SAHE project and this publication possible: to the members of the National Advisory Com- mittee. who responded enthusiastically to our call and worked so energetically with us throughout the study: to the representatives of the national health professional associations and government agen- cies who cooperated and collaborated with us to help shape the di- rection of the project; to all participants of the regional workshops who worked so conscientiously to provide the framework for struc- turing the Targets of Opportunity presented in this publication: and to the personnel in all the community and junior colleges who re- sponded to the SAHE questionnaire. We would also like to express our gratitude to the entire staff of the American Association of Community and Junior Colleges for their continuing understanding and support. and to Kenneth G. Skaggs. in particular. whose help was invaluable in the selection of the locations and participants for the regional workshops and for all the logistical arrangements associated with these meetings. We especially thank Josephine T. Lees for preparing the annotated bib- liography and for editing. assembling. and proofing the publication. 1Ne sincerely hope that this plan for a national program in allied health and nursing education will be activated. We also hope that all future developments in community college allied health and nursing education will arise from collaborative programs planned for increasing access to community comprehensive health care and services. Mary E. Hawthorne. Ph.D. SANE Assistant Director I. Warren Perry. Ph.D. SAHE Director November 1974 contents William G. Shannon FOREWORD iu PREFACE Mary E. Hawthorneand J. Warren Perry v Chapter SANE Objectives 3 1. Definition of Primary and Ambulatory Care 5 Objectives 5 Student Related Issues 6 Group I : Curriculum Development Group II : and Quality of Instruction 6 Articulation, Teacher Preparation, Gt oup III : and Continuing Education 6 Administration and Administrative Group IV: Costs 7 Manpower Information Group V : 7 Emerging Health Care Programs Group VI : 7 2. SAKE Procedur- 8 National Advisory Committee 8 National Professional Associations Conferences 9 Regional Workshops 10 Questionnaire: Clinical Instruction, Continuing Education, and Consumer Health Education 12 3. SAKE Findings 14 Priorities for SAHE Objectives 14 Literature Search 15 Conferences and Workshops 19 Educational Programs forAssistants to Primary Care Physicians 19 Allied Health Manpower Information 19 Accreditation and Credential ing Processes 21 SAHEQuestionnaire 22 Responses to t he Survey 22 Evaluation of the Instrument 23 Status of Clinical Instruction. 25 Continuing Education, and Consumer Health Education Clinical Instruction Data 26 Part I : Continuing Education Data 30 Part II : Consumer Health Data 31 Part III : Summary and Conclusions 35 37 SAME Recommendations: Targets of Opportunity 4. A Restructured Role for AACJC to Insure Accountability In Com- munity College Programs for Health Technology Personnel with Special Emphasis on the Delivery of Primary and Ambulatory Care 40 Establishment of a Center for Allied Health Information (CAHI) 42 Expansion of the Capability of the Community and Junior Colleges Ser- as Local Agencies for Effecting Changes in Local Health Care vices and Practice Through Allied Health and Nursing Educa- tion 48 Establishment of Sound Program Management Procedures to In- sure Accountability for Community College Programs in Allied Health and Nursing Education 52 Restructuring of Existing Curricula for More Effective Academic and Clinical Programs in the Health Technologies 54 SAME Projections 57 5. appendix A. SANE National Advisory Committee: Members 61 First National Advisory Committee Meeting: Guidelines for B. Participants 63 Suggested Procedure for Each Work Group 63 Tentative SAHE Objectives 63 opical Worksheet for Assigning Priorities to the Five Objective Groups and to Each of the Sixteen Revised Objectives 65 National Professional Associations Conferences: C. Participants 68 Chicago, Illinois 68 Washington, D.C. 69 Participants at Special Briefings 70 D. Regional Workshops : Dates, Location, Chairman 71 E. Participants 73 Regional Workshops : Mid-Atlantic 73 New England 74 North Central 74 New York City 76 Southern 77 Western 78 Mountain States 79 F. Regional Workshops: Guidelines for Participants 81 Overall SAME Project Objectives 81 Regional Workshop Objectives 81 General Procedures 81 Specific Guidelines 82 G. Determination of Priority Sequence for SANE Objectives 84 H. SANE Questionnaire 89 j. SAHE Bibliography 223 Books 223 Articles, Studies, and Projects 225 Classification of Articles, Studies, and Projects 292 FIGURES Sequence of Steps Required in a Nationwide Collaborative Effort to 1. Meet Community Primary and Ambulatory Care Needs 38 Proposed Targets of Opportunity and Their Relationship to the 2. Achievement of Increased Access to Community Primary and Ambula- tory Care 39 Center for Allied Health Information I CAH1)Communications 3. Channels 43 TABLES I: The Delivery of Primary and Ambulatory Care 4 Sequence of Objective Groups as Determined by Combined 11: Data from SAHE National Advisory Committeeand Regional Workshops 16