Fondazione Bruno Kessler Annali dell'lstituto storico italo-germanico in Trento Jahrbuch des italienisch-deutschen historischen lnstituts in Trient Contributi/Beitrage 30 I lettori che desiderano informarsi sui libri e sull'insieme delle attivita della Societa editrice ii Mulino possono consultare ii sito Internet: www.mulino.it Communities and Conflicts in the Alps from the Late Middle Ages to Early Modernity edited by Marco Bellabarba / Hannes Obermair / Hitomi Sato Societa editrice il Mulino Duncker & Humblot Bologna Berlin FBK -Istituto Storico Italo-Germanico Translations by Joy Avery, Garin Taylor, Kayoko Yukimura COMMUNITIES and conflicts in the Alps from the Late Middle Ages to Early Modernity / edited by Marco Bellabarba, Hannes Obermair, Hitomi Sato. -Bologna : II mulino ; Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2015. -251 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. -(Annali dell'Istituto storico italo-germanico in Trento. Contributi; 30 = Jahrbuch des italienisch-deutschen historischen Instituts in Trient. Beitrage; 30) Nell'occh.: Fondazione Bruno Kessler. ISBN 978-88-15-25383-5 -ISBN 978-3-428-14821-9 1. Comunita - Regioni alpine -Sec. XIII-XVI 2. Regioni alpine - Politica -Sec. XIII-XVI 3. Conflitti -Regioni alpine -Sec. XIII-XVI I. Bellabarba, Marco II. Obermair, Hannes III. Sato, Hitomi 949.470 2 (DDC 22.ed.) The publication of this volume has been supported by the Provincia Autonoma di Trento and the Citta di Bolzano/Stadtgemeinde Bozen (Archivio Storico-Stadtarchiv). Composizione e impaginazione: FBK -Editoria Scheda bibliografica: FBK -Biblioteca ISBN 978-88-15-25383-5 ISBN 978-3-428-14821-9 Copyright © 2015 by Societa editrice ii Mulino, Bologna. In Kommission bei Duncker & Humblot, Berlin. Tutti i diritti sono riservati. Nessuna parte di questa pubblicazione puo essere fotocopiata, riprodotta, archiviata, memorizzata o trasmessa in qualsiasi forma o mezzo - elettronico, meccanico, reprografico, digitale - se non nei termini previsti dalla legge che tutela ii Diritto d' Autore. Per altre informazioni si veda ii sito www.mulino.it/edizioni/fotocopie In ricordo di Klaus Brandstlitter (1961-2014) zum Gedenken Preface This volume brings together the proceedings of the international conference "Comunita e conflitti nelle Alpi tra tardo medievo e pri- ma eta moderna", held in Trento on March 27 and 28, 2014. It was promoted by the Istituto Storico Italo-Germanico of the Fondazione Bruno Kessler in Trento with the collaboration of the research project "Communication, Conflicts and Order in Medieval and Early Modern Europe" coordinated by Professor Yoshihisa Hattori of Kyoto University, and with the financial support of the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Trento e Rovereto. Over the two days of work there was a con- vergence of results from the research project initiated at the Istituto Storico Italo-Germanico in 2012, again with the financial support of the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Trento e Rovereto, focused on investigating the way in which ancien regime communities exhibited a singular form of organization of space and political cohabitation in the Alpine area between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Period. In a more operative phase of the project, and in view of the publication of the proceedings, the Istituto Storico Italo-Germanico initiated an institutional collaboration with the Stadtarchiv Bozen / Archivio Storico Citta di Balzano already involved in the scientific organization of the conference. This resulted in the inclusion of the archive, and through them the city of Balzano, among the bodies organizing the seminar and co-financing the publishing project. Right from the start the project defined its geographic ambit as a vast tract of Alpine terrain (northern Lombardy, present day Trentino, and Italian and Austrian Tyrol) characterized by its location along zones of intersection between different political and institutional models. These included the commune based system of Italian origin widespread within the Alpine area (for example the cities of Trento, Balzano, and Merano), and the aristocracy based system originally more common in areas subject to imperial dominion, but which spread rapidly into more southern areas. The study of the "cross-contamination" between these two models was the main aim of the initial archival investigations 7 conducted between 2012 and 2013, principally by Hitomi Sato, Carlo Taviani, and Alessandro Paris. This interest in the theme of circulation of political-institutional models highlighted the openness of the Alpine model towards the outside, both in a longitudinal sense (from the mountain to the plain and vice versa), and along the transverse lines of communication between cities, valleys, and rural lordships lying within different political spheres. The study of institutional structures was always conducted in symbiosis with investigation of the forms of conflict, not necessarily viewed as processes of community disaggregation. Ancien regime societies, both rural and urban, were highly permeable aggregations, in which conflicts also represented important occasions for communication and political mediation. This was the reason for giving preference to geographical and temporal contexts that could be classed as "frontiers", since these appeared the most suited for comparing the formal and informal strategies adopted in the resolution of conflicts, strategies that could at times be in competition and at other times strictly bound by official judicial procedures. The results of the first two years of research provided a basis for the preparation of the conference in March 2014, which was discussed during a seminar held in Trento on January 14, 2013, with the par- ticipation of other experts in the sector. As defined by the Scientific Committee (Yoshihisa Hattori - Kyoto University, Graduate School of Letters and Faculty of Letters; Massimo della Misericordia, Universita degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca, Dipartimento di Scienze Umane per la Formazione Riccardo Massa; Hitomi Sato, Konan University, Faculty of Letters; Marco Bellabarba, FBK-Isig, University of Trento; Carlo Taviani, Isig-FBK; Alessandro Paris, FBK-Isig; Hannes Obermair, Stadtarchiv Bozen / Archivio Storico Citta di Balzano) the talks delivered at the conference examined the study of community conflict in relation to inclusion within specific areas of sovereignty (city, lordship systems, and states), as well as the penetration of economic ties (the trade and tax collection networks), regulatory models (urban and rural statutes, Landesordnungen, decrees of local nobility), and religious institutions (the network of chapels, parishes, and religious confraternities). A valuable additional contribution to the work of the conference was the presentation of papers from Japanese scholars part of the research group "Communication, Conflicts and Order in Medieval and Early 8