Common Sense, the Turing Test, and the Quest for Real AI Common Sense, the Turing Test, and the Quest for Real AI Hector J. Levesque The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England © 2017 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. This book was set in Stone Sans and Stone Serif by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Levesque, Hector J., 1951- author. Title: Common sense, the Turing test, and the quest for real AI / Hector J. Levesque. Description: Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016033671 | ISBN 9780262036047 (hardcover : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Thought and thinking. | Intellect. | Computational intelligence. | Artificial intelligence--Philosophy. Classification: LCC BF441 .L483 2017 | DDC 006.301--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016033671 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Pat Contents Preface  ix Acknowledgments  xiii 1 What Kind of AI? 1 2 The Big Puzzle 15 3 Knowledge and Behavior 29 4 Making It and Faking It 45 5 Learning with and without Experience 65 6 Book Smarts and Street Smarts 77 7 The Long Tail and the Limits to Training 87 8 Symbols and Symbol Processing 101 9 Knowledge-Based Systems 115 10 AI Technology 129 End Notes  143 References  157 Index  169